Epigenetics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Epigenetics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a017491
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Gasser, Susan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grunstein, Michael;Gasser, Susan M.
酿酒酵母为可遗传的沉默染色质提供了一个经过充分研究的模型系统，其中非组蛋白蛋白复合物--SIR复合物--通过以不依赖于序列的方式扩散来抑制基因，就像高等真核生物中的异染色质一样。研究组蛋白突变和在全基因组范围内筛选损害沉默的突变的能力已经产生了关于这个系统的无与伦比的细节深度。最近在SIR-染色质复合物的生物化学和结构生物学方面的进展使我们更接近于对Sir 3如何选择性地识别去乙酰化组蛋白H4尾部和去甲基化组蛋白H3核心的分子理解。适当突变体的存在也表明沉默机制的组成部分如何影响转录抑制以外的生理过程。
Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a well-studied model system for heritable silent chromatin, in which a nonhistone protein complex-the SIR complex-represses genes by spreading in a sequence-independent manner, much like heterochromatin in higher eukaryotes. The ability to study mutations in histones and to screen genome-wide for mutations that impair silencing has yielded an unparalleled depth of detail about this system. Recent advances in the biochemistry and structural biology of the SIR-chromatin complex bring us much closer to a molecular understanding of how Sir3 selectively recognizes the deacetylated histone H4 tail and demethylated histone H3 core. The existence of appropriate mutants has also shown how components of the silencing machinery affect physiological processes beyond transcriptional repression.