Securing the health of disadvantaged women: a critical investigation of tobacco-control policy effects on women worldwide.
Securing the health of disadvantaged women: a critical investigation of tobacco-control policy effects on women worldwide.
复制标题
确保弱势妇女的健康：对烟草控制政策对全世界妇女影响的严格调查。
DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2009.05.015
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Fagan,Pebbles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moore,RolandS;McLellan,DeborahL;Tauras,JohnA;Fagan,Pebbles
烟草直接或间接地影响到处境不利妇女和女孩生活的几乎所有方面。例如，在柬埔寨、中国、菲律宾和越南等许多低收入和中等收入国家，1、2吸烟的男性比例高，女性比例低。家庭中男性吸烟者将收入转向烟草，导致妇女和儿童营养不良3和二手烟暴露。4，5烟草占孟加拉国等贫穷国家平均家庭支出的2.8%，占印度尼西亚最低收入群体家庭总支出的15%。7由于男子吸烟率高，低收入国家的妇女更有可能照顾患有烟草相关疾病的伴侣。在服务和体力劳动岗位工作的妇女中，5二手烟暴露率很高，在东南亚和巴西等地制造烟草的低收入妇女因经皮接触烟草而患上绿色烟草病。8此外，随着社会规范的变化和妇女自主权的增加，中低收入国家妇女吸烟的人数正在增加。9这一日益严重的流行病影响到妇女和女孩生活的各个方面，最终将增加肺癌、其他与烟草有关的疾病、二手烟暴露、营养不良、家庭经济不利和护理负担，以及威胁粮食和金融安全。全球努力减少弱势妇女吸烟对公共健康的影响，要求仔细审查证据-基于健康的干预措施不仅减少了烟草使用和接触，而且还影响了他们生活的社会环境。《烟草控制框架公约》
Tobacco, directly or indirectly, affects almost ev-ery aspect of the lives of disadvantaged women and girls. For example, in many low-and middleincome countries such as Cambodia, China, the Philippines, and Viet Nam, 1, 2 smoking is high among men and low among women. The diversion of income toward tobacco by male smokers in households contributes to malnutrition 3 and secondhand smoke exposure among women and children. 4, 5 Tobacco accounts for 2.8% of the average household expenditures in poor countries like Bangladesh 6 and 15% of total household expenditures among the lowest-income groups in Indonesia. 7 Because of the high tobacco use rates among men, women in low-income countries are more likely to care for partners suffering from tobacco-related illnesses. Among women working in service and manual labor positions, 5 secondhand smoke exposure is high, and low-income women who manufacture tobacco in places like Southeast Asia and Brazil suffer from green tobacco sickness caused by transdermal exposure to tobacco. 8 Further, with changes in social norms and increased female autonomy, tobacco use is increasing among women in low-and middle-income countries. 9 This growing epidemic, which affects every aspect of the lives of women and girls, will ultimately increase lung cancer, other tobacco-related illnesses, secondhand smoke exposure, malnutrition, family economic disadvantage, and care-giving burden, as well as threaten food and financial security.Global efforts to reduce the public health consequences of smoking among disadvantaged women call for the careful examination of how evidence-based interventions not only reduce tobacco use and exposure, but also affect the social context of their lives. Through the Framework Convention on Tobacco Con-