Segmenting travellers based on day-to-day variability in work-related travel behaviour
Segmenting travellers based on day-to-day variability in work-related travel behaviour
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102765
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Crawford, Fiona
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Crawford, Fiona
通勤和商务旅行的旅行需求是复杂的，选择不是基于个人旅行的特点，而是基于几周和几个月的需求。例如，乘公共汽车上下班的每次费用取决于旅行的频率，地铁月票的费用取决于在此期间访问的区域数量。因此，个人内部的差异，即个人每天旅行行为的变化，决定了我们的交通选择，并应影响服务的提供。工作模式的变化，如非全时工作、自营职业和远程通勤的增加，挑战了传统上认为工作活动在时间和空间上是固定的假设，从而使个人内部的可变性越来越重要。这项研究采用数据驱动的方法，根据工作相关的旅行行为，包括旅行频率以及一天中的空间和时间的个人差异，对工人进行细分。该分析使用了在英国19年期间收集的11万多人的调查和7天旅行日记数据。确定了四组工人：不经常，空间可变，时间可变和经常旅行。这些群体与自我报告的工作安排，如自营职业或兼职工作并不密切相关。1998年至2016年，定期旅行者群体的规模有所下降，但仍然是最大的群体，2016年占工人的60%以下。在同一时期，不常见的和空间可变的群体都有所增加。对于一个小但不断增长的工人群体来说，七天的日记不足以了解他们与工作有关的交通需求，因为很少或根本没有工作旅行记录。这些发现对公共交通票务设计、流动性作为一种服务包的设计和拥堵收费计划的评估都有影响。
Travel needs for commute and business trips are complex and choices are not made based on the characteristics of individual trips, but instead based on the needs over weeks and months. For example, the cost per trip of commuting by bus varies depending upon the frequency of travel, and the cost of a monthly subway pass depends upon the number of zones visited during that period. Intrapersonal variability, namely the variation in an individual's travel behaviour from day to day, therefore shapes our transport choices and should influence service provision. Changes in working patterns such as increases in part time working, self-employment and tele-commuting challenge the traditionally held assumptions that work activities are fixed in time and space, thus making intrapersonal variability increasingly relevant. This research uses a data-driven approach to segment workers based on their work-related travel behaviour, including frequency of travel and both spatial and time of day intrapersonal variability. The analysis uses survey and seven day travel diary data for over 110,000 people collected over a 19 year period in England. Four groups of workers were identified: infrequent, spatially variable, temporally variable and regular travellers. These groups do not align closely with self-reported working arrangements such as self-employment or part time working. The group of regular travellers has decreased in size between 1998 and 2016 but remains the largest group, containing just under 60% of workers in 2016. Both the infrequent and spatially variable groups have grown over the same period. For a small but growing group of workers, a seven day diary is insufficient to understand their work-related transport needs as little or no work travel is recorded. These findings have implications for the design of public transport ticketing, the design of mobility as a service packages and the appraisal of congestion charging schemes.