Review of the formulation of present-generation stratospheric chemistry-climate models and associated external forcings
Review of the formulation of present-generation stratospheric chemistry-climate models and associated external forcings
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DOI：
10.1029/2009jd013728
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发表时间：
2010-02
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
O. Morgenstern;M. Giorgetta;K. Shibata;V. Eyring;D. Waugh;T. Shepherd;H. Akiyoshi;J. Austin;A. Baumgaertner;S. Bekki;P. Braesicke;C. Brühl;M. Chipperfield;D. Cugnet;M. Dameris;S. Dhomse;S. Frith;H. Garny;A. Gettelman;S. Hardiman;M. Hegglin;P. Jöckel;D. Kinnison;J. Lamarque;E. Mancini;E. Manzini;M. Marchand;M. Michou;Tetsu Nakamura;J. Nielsen;D. Oliviè;G. Pitari;D. Plummer;E. Rozanov;J. Scinocca;D. Smale;H. Teyssèdre;M. Toohey;W. Tian;Y. Yamashita
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文献类型：
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作者：
O. Morgenstern;M. Giorgetta;K. Shibata;V. Eyring;D. Waugh;T. Shepherd;H. Akiyoshi;J. Austin;A. Baumgaertner;S. Bekki;P. Braesicke;C. Brühl;M. Chipperfield;D. Cugnet;M. Dameris;S. Dhomse;S. Frith;H. Garny;A. Gettelman;S. Hardiman;M. Hegglin;P. Jöckel;D. Kinnison;J. Lamarque;E. Mancini;E. Manzini;M. Marchand;M. Michou;Tetsu Nakamura;J. Nielsen;D. Oliviè;G. Pitari;D. Plummer;E. Rozanov;J. Scinocca;D. Smale;H. Teyssèdre;M. Toohey;W. Tian;Y. Yamashita
化学-气候模型验证活动的目标是通过面向过程的评估增进对化学-气候模型的理解，并提供关于平流层臭氧及其对气候的影响的可靠预测。了解模型公式的细节对于理解模型如何应对温室气体和臭氧消耗物质不断变化的外力，从而理解参与这项活动的模型所产生的臭氧和气候预报至关重要。在这里，我们介绍和回顾了用于第二轮(CCMVal-2)相互比较的模型，这些模型涉及在这些模型中实现化学、传输、辐射和动力过程。特别是，我们回顾了用于模拟与平流层动力学和化学相关的过程的方法的优点和相关问题。此外，我们还描述了所执行的参考模拟的定义，并描述了在这些模拟中使用的强迫数据。我们确定了化学气候模拟方面的一些发展，使模型更具物理基础或更全面，包括引入了交互海洋、在线光解、对流层-平流层化学以及与对流层对流有关的非地形重力波沉积。这些相对较新的发展表明，平流层CCM模型正变得与我们对大气的物理理解更加一致。
The goal of the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) activity is to improve understanding of chemistry-climate models (CCMs) through process-oriented evaluation and to provide reliable projections of stratospheric ozone and its impact on climate. An appreciation of the details of model formulations is essential for understanding how models respond to the changing external forcings of greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances, and hence for understanding the ozone and climate forecasts produced by the models participating in this activity. Here we introduce and review the models used for the second round (CCMVal-2) of this intercomparison, regarding the implementation of chemical, transport, radiative, and dynamical processes in these models. In particular, we review the advantages and problems associated with approaches used to model processes of relevance to stratospheric dynamics and chemistry. Furthermore, we state the definitions of the reference simulations performed, and describe the forcing data used in these simulations. We identify some developments in chemistry-climate modeling that make models more physically based or more comprehensive, including the introduction of an interactive ocean, online photolysis, troposphere-stratosphere chemistry, and non-orographic gravity-wave deposition as linked to tropospheric convection. The relatively new developments indicate that stratospheric CCM modeling is becoming more consistent with our physically based understanding of the atmosphere.