Forced Migration, Climate Change, Mitigation and Adaptive Policies in Mexico: Some Functional Relationships-猫眼课题宝

墨西哥的强迫移民、气候变化、缓解和适应性政策：一些功能关系

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2013

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作者：

I. S. Cohen;Ú. Spring;G. Padilla;J. C. Paredes;M. Ibarra;R. L. López;José Villanueva Díaz

在过去几十年中，与水文气象事件有关的自然灾害在频率和严重程度上都有所增加。墨西哥严重受气候变化影响，但过去也曾遭受气候多变性的影响（Blumel，2009年）。新的风险迫使政府制定缓解进程，而受影响的人正在实施适应和增强能力的战略，主要是在家庭和社区一级。这包括由于气候变化而被迫迁移到大城市的贫民窟或非法移民到美国。墨西哥49.2%的领土处于干旱、半干旱和半湿润状态，受到气候变化的严重影响。此外，贫穷和缺乏就业机会造成了复杂的生计状况，青年人离开农村地区，部分原因是社会经济拉动因素。在本文中，我们讨论了墨西哥气候模式和移民过程之间的功能关系，突出了移民的起源，他们的经济活动和他们对极端事件的脆弱性之间的联系，我们讨论了长期的气候模式。农业仍然使用墨西哥78%的可用水。在干旱地区，水资源的竞争需要一项综合政策来应对气候变化带来的新威胁，包括自上而下的减缓和自下而上的适应进程，以降低墨西哥中部和北方受影响严重的干旱地区农村人口的社会脆弱性。新的水资源管理政策促进有效利用日益稀缺和受污染的资源，* 国家水植物大气关系研究中心，INIFAP，

Natural disasters related to hydro-meteorological events have increased during the last few decades, both in frequency and severity. Mexico is heavily exposed to climate change, but has also suffered in the past from climate variability (Blumel, 2009). The new risks oblige the government to develop mitigation processes, while the affected people are implement- ing strategies of adaptation and resilience-building, mostly at the family and community level. This includes forced migration due to climate change into the slums of megacities or illegal immigration to the United States. The arid, semi-arid and subhumid condition of 49.2 per cent of the territory of Mexico is seriously affected by climate change. In addition, poverty and the lack of jobs have created complex livelihood situations, in which young people leave rural areas, partly due to socio-economic pull factors. In this paper, we address the functional relationships between climate patterns and migration processes in Mexico, highlighting the linkages between the origin of migrants, their economic activity and their vulnerability to extreme events and we discuss long-term climate patterns. Agri- culture still uses 78 per cent of the available water in Mexico. In the drylands the competi- tion for water use requires an integrated policy to deal with the new threats from climate change, including mitigation from the top down and adaptation processes from the bottom up to reduce the social vulnerability of the rural population in the highly affected drylands of the central and northern parts of Mexico. The new policy for administering water resources, which promotes the efficient use of an increasingly scarce and polluted resource, * Centro Nacional de Investigacion Disciplinaria en Relaciones Agua Suelo Planta Atmosfera, INIFAP,

Forced Migration, Climate Change, Mitigation and Adaptive Policies in Mexico: Some Functional Relationships

墨西哥的强迫移民、气候变化、缓解和适应性政策：一些功能关系

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