Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is common in tropical lowland habitats: Implications for amphibian conservation
Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is common in tropical lowland habitats: Implications for amphibian conservation
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.5098
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发表时间：
2019-04
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Héctor Zumbado‐Ulate;A. García‐Rodríguez;V. Vredenburg;C. Searle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Héctor Zumbado‐Ulate;A. García‐Rodríguez;V. Vredenburg;C. Searle
摘要20世纪80年代和90年代，中美洲许多两栖动物物种数量减少。这些下降主要影响高地溪流两栖动物，并主要与壶菌病有关，壶菌病是一种由壶菌真菌Batrachochytrium dendrobaerum（Bd）引起的致命疾病。从那时起，大多数关于热带地区Bd的野外研究都是在米德兰和高原环境（>800 m）中进行的，这主要是因为山脉的环境条件与实验室中Bd的理想非生物条件范围相匹配。这种不平衡的采样导致研究人员在很大程度上忽视了低地的宿主-病原体动态，而在同一时期，其他两栖动物物种也在减少。我们进行了一项调查测试Bd在47个物种（n = 348）在低地网站在哥斯达黎加，以确定当地的主机病原体的动态，并描述这些网站的非生物环境。我们在三个采样点和70%的调查物种中检测到Bd。我们发现的证据表明，低地研究地点表现出低感染强度和中度至高度流行（55%的总患病率）的地方病动态。此外，我们发现的证据表明，每个研究地点都代表一个独立的气候带，当地的气候差异可能解释Bd疾病动态的变化。我们建议在低地和其他历史上被认为不适合Bd发生的地点进行更多的检测调查。这些数据可用于确定潜在疾病爆发和两栖动物重新发现的地点。
Abstract Numerous species of amphibians declined in Central America during the 1980s and 1990s. These declines mostly affected highland stream amphibians and have been primarily linked to chytridiomycosis, a deadly disease caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Since then, the majority of field studies on Bd in the Tropics have been conducted in midland and highland environments (>800 m) mainly because the environmental conditions of mountain ranges match the range of ideal abiotic conditions for Bd in the laboratory. This unbalanced sampling has led researchers to largely overlook host–pathogen dynamics in lowlands, where other amphibian species declined during the same period. We conducted a survey testing for Bd in 47 species (n = 348) in four lowland sites in Costa Rica to identify local host–pathogen dynamics and to describe the abiotic environment of these sites. We detected Bd in three sampling sites and 70% of the surveyed species. We found evidence that lowland study sites exhibit enzootic dynamics with low infection intensity and moderate to high prevalence (55% overall prevalence). Additionally, we found evidence that every study site represents an independent climatic zone, where local climatic differences may explain variations in Bd disease dynamics. We recommend more detection surveys across lowlands and other sites that have been historically considered unsuitable for Bd occurrence. These data can be used to identify sites for potential disease outbreaks and amphibian rediscoveries.