The Extraordinary Diversity of Bacterial Protein Secretion Mechanisms
The Extraordinary Diversity of Bacterial Protein Secretion Mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-60327-412-8_1
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Holland, I. Barry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Holland, I. Barry
我试图涵盖目前确定的大量蛋白质分泌系统的最小特性，特别是在革兰氏阴性细菌中。然而，几乎每个月都会有新系统的报告，当然我错过了一些。随着证据的不断积累，人们仍然对某些途径的复杂性感到敬畏，其中III型、IV型和VI型尤其可怕和令人印象深刻。这些系统表明，细菌的蛋白质分泌不仅是通过大多肽穿过双分子层，而且还通过长隧道，这就提出了有关机制的不同问题。通过Sec-translocase易位子的转运机制正在被充分理解，尽管一个被卡住的中间体的结构将非常有帮助。然而，对靶向特异性机制的精确细节以及多肽在其他系统中的实际易位的了解还远远落后。因此，应该更积极地鼓励愿意做困难（和冒险）的工作来理解机制的团队，也许追求多学科的合作研究。在撰写这篇综述时，我对细胞调节机制着迷，这种机制必须协调如此多的多肽的复杂流动，这些多肽被不同的信号靶向到如此广泛的转运体。我曾试图就如何管理这一问题提出问题，但在这一领域还有很多工作要做。显然，这个领域非常活跃，未来的故事将充满揭示和令人惊讶的转折。
I have tried to cover the minimal properties of the prolific number of protein secretion systems identified presently, particularly in Gram negative bacteria. New systems, however, are being reported almost by the month and certainly I have missed some. With the accumulating evidence one remains in awe of the complexity of some pathways, with the Type III, IV and VI especially fearsome and impressive. These systems illustrate that protein secretion from bacteria is not only about passage of large polypeptides across a bilayer but also through long tunnels, raising quite different questions concerning mechanisms. The mechanism of transport via the Sec-translocase translocon is well on the way to full understanding, although a structure of a stuck intermediate would be very helpful. The understanding of the precise details of the mechanism of targeting specificity, and actual polypeptide translocation in other systems is, however, far behind. Groups willing to do the difficult (and risky) work to understand mechanism should therefore be more actively encouraged, perhaps to pursue multidisciplinary, collaborative studies. In writing this review I have become fascinated by the cellular regulatory mechanisms that must be necessary to orchestrate the complex flow of so many polypeptides, targeted by different signals to such a wide variety of transporters. I have tried to raise questions about how this might be managed but much more needs to be done in this area. Clearly, this field is very much alive and the future will be full of revealing and surprising twists in the story.