Realizing Effective Behavioral Management of Health
Realizing Effective Behavioral Management of Health
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DOI：
10.1109/mpul.2013.2271681
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Hendriks, Monique
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hekler, Eric B.;Klasnja, Predrag;Hendriks, Monique
在过去的两个世纪里，人们的健康和寿命得到了根本性的改善，其中卫生是19世纪这一趋势的关键因素，而抗生素和疫苗是20世纪的关键因素。在发达国家，大多数传染性疾病基本上都不受控制，如今，导致健康状况不佳的最大因素主要是行为。例如，有三种行为风险因素——吸烟、不良饮食和缺乏运动——会导致四种慢性疾病：心脏病、2型糖尿病、肺病和某些癌症。这些行为加起来占可预防死亡的50%以上（见3four50.com网站）。虽然医学进步肯定会继续，但21世纪健康的下一个重大进步很可能会通过更有效的行为管理来实现。
The past two centuries have shown radical improvements in health and longevity, with hygiene as the key contributor to this trend in the 19th century and antibiotics and vaccinations in the 20th century. With most infectious diseases largely at bay in the developed world, the greatest contributors to suboptimal health today are largely behavioral. For example, there are three behavioral risk factors-tobacco use, poor diet, and inactivity-that contribute to four chronic diseases: heart disease, type 2 diabetes, lung disease, and some cancers. Together, these behaviors account for more than 50% of preventable deaths (see the Web site 3four50.com). While medical advances will surely continue, it is likely that the next great advancements in health in the 21st century will occur via more effective behavior management.