Head size and intelligence, learning, nutritional status and brain development Head, IQ, learning, nutrition and brain
Head size and intelligence, learning, nutritional status and brain development Head, IQ, learning, nutrition and brain
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.11.022
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Larraín, CG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ivanovic, DM;Leiva, BP;Larraín, CG
这项多因素研究调查了智利高中毕业的学龄儿童的头围（HC）和智商（IQ）、学习、营养状况和大脑发育之间的相互关系，包括男女、高智商和低智商以及社会经济阶层（SES）。样本包括96名足月出生的右利手健康学生（平均年龄18.0 ± 0.9岁）。在儿童和他们的父母中测量HC，并表示为Z分数（Z-HC）。在儿童中，智商通过韦氏成人智力量表修订版（WAIS-R）确定，学业成绩（SA）通过标准西班牙语和数学测试和学术能力倾向测试（AAT）得分，营养状况通过人体测量指标评估，大脑发育通过磁共振成像（MRI）和SES应用Graffar改良方法确定。结果表明，Z-HC ≤ 2 S.D.的小头症儿童，其年龄、性别、年龄、性别、性别、年龄、性别、性别、年龄、性别、与他们的大头同龄人相比（Z-HC > 2 S.D.），他们的脑容量（BV）、父母Z-HC、IQ、SA、AAT、出生身长（BL）值显著较低，并且在出生后第一年营养不良的发生率显著较高。多元回归分析显示，BV、父母Z-HC和BL是对儿童Z-HC方差解释力最大的自变量（r（2）= 0.727）。这些发现证实了本研究中提出的假设：（1）独立于年龄、性别和SES，脑参数、父母HC和产前营养指标是决定HC的最重要的自变量;（2）小头症儿童存在多种疾病，不仅与BV有关，还与IQ、SA和营养背景有关。(C)2004爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
This multifactorial study investigates the interrelationships between head circumference (HC) and intellectual quotient (IQ), learning, nutritional status and brain development in Chilean school-age children graduating from high school, of both sexes and with high and low IQ and socio-economic strata (SES). The sample consisted of 96 right-handed healthy students (mean age 18.0 +/- 0.9 years) born at term. HC was measured both in the children and their parents and was expressed as Z-score (Z-HC). In children, IQ was determined by means of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults-Revised (WAIS-R), scholastic achievement (SA) through the standard Spanish language and mathematics tests and the academic aptitude test (AAT) score, nutritional status was assessed through anthropometric indicators, brain development was determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and SES applying the Graffar modified method. Results showed that microcephalic children (Z-HC less than or equal to 2 S.D.) had significantly lower values mainly for brain volume (BV), parental Z-HC, IQ, SA, AAT, birth length (BL) and a significantly higher incidence of undernutrition in the first year of life compared with their macrocephalic peers (Z-HC > 2 S.D.). Multiple regression analysis revealed that BV, parental Z-HC and BL were the independent variables with the greatest explanatory power for child's Z-HC variance (r(2) = 0.727). These findings confirm the hypothesis formulated in this study: (1) independently of age, sex and SES, brain parameters, parental HC and prenatal nutritional indicators are the most important independent variables that determine HC and (2) microcephalic children present multiple disorders not only related to BV but also to IQ, SA and nutritional background. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.