Physiological death of hypertrophic chondrocytes
Physiological death of hypertrophic chondrocytes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.joca.2006.10.016
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Mackie, E. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahmed, Y. A.;Tatarczuch, L.;Mackie, E. J.
目的：生长期软骨中增殖后的软骨细胞有明细胞和暗细胞两种形态。这些细胞经历肥大并通过形态学上不同于凋亡的机制死亡，但尚未被表征。本研究的目的是记录死亡肥大软骨细胞的超微结构外观，并建立一个培养系统，在该系统中，他们的死亡机制可以examined.Design：从胎儿和出生后的马生长软骨进行了检查，通过电子显微镜。从胎马的骺软骨中分离软骨细胞，并在颗粒培养中生长，然后通过光学和电子显微镜检查，和定量聚合酶链反应.结果：在组织标本中，观察到，垂死的黑暗软骨细胞进行渐进的挤压细胞质进入细胞外空间，而光软骨细胞出现在细胞膜内解体。在0.1%胎牛血清（FCS）中培养的颗粒含有染色的浅色和深色软骨细胞，与体内观察到的相似。转化生长因子-β 1或10%FCS增加暗细胞的比例并诱导细胞死亡。三碘甲腺原氨酸增加暗细胞和亮细胞的分化并诱导其死亡。暗细胞与基质金属蛋白酶-13的表达水平较高，比光细胞，光细胞与II型胶原蛋白的表达水平较高。结论：光和暗肥大软骨细胞每个经历了一系列独特的非凋亡的形态学变化，因为他们死了。颗粒培养可用作肥大软骨细胞两种生理性死亡形式的模型。(C)2006年国际骨关节炎研究学会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Objective: Post-proliferative chondrocytes in growth cartilage are present in two forms, light and dark cells. These cells undergo hypertrophy and die by a mechanism that is morphologically distinct from apoptosis, but has not been characterized. The aims of the current study were to document the ultrastructural appearance of dying hypertrophic chondrocytes, and to establish a culture system in which the mechanism of their death can be examined.Design: Growth cartilage from fetal and growing postnatal horses was examined by electron microscopy. Chondrocytes were isolated from epiphyseal cartilage from fetal horses and grown in pellet culture, then examined by light and electron microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results: In tissue specimens, it was observed that dying dark chondrocytes underwent progressive extrusion of cytoplasm into the extracellular space, whereas light chondrocytes appeared to disintegrate within the cellular membrane. Pellets cultured in 0.1% fetal calf serum (FCS) contained dying light and dark chondrocytes similar to those seen in vivo. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 or 10% FCS increased the proportion of dark cells and induced cell death. Triiodothyronine increased the differentiation of dark and light cells and induced their death. Dark cells were associated with higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression than light cells, and light cells were associated with higher levels of type II collagen expression.Conclusions: Light and dark hypertrophic chondrocytes each undergo a distinctive series of non-apoptotic morphological changes as they die. Pellet culture can be used as a model of the two forms of physiological death of hypertrophic chondrocytes. (C) 2006 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.