The Effects of Repeat Traumatic Brain Injury on the Pituitary in Adolescent Rats
The Effects of Repeat Traumatic Brain Injury on the Pituitary in Adolescent Rats
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DOI：
10.1089/neu.2013.2990
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Prins, Mayumi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Greco, Tiffany;Hovda, David;Prins, Mayumi
青少年是创伤性脑损伤（TBI）和重复TBI（RTBI）风险最高的群体之一。TBI后内分泌功能障碍的后果已在成人中进行了常规研究，但在青少年中的研究有限，并显示在受伤后1-5年内，内分泌功能障碍的发生率为16-61%。与成人相似，最常见的受影响轴是生长激素（GH）和胰岛素样生长激素1（IGF-1）。尽管TBI是儿科人群发病率和死亡率的主要原因，但目前还没有专门针对青少年垂体功能障碍发生率的实验研究。本研究调查是否假单次损伤或四次重复损伤（24小时间隔）交付给青春期大鼠导致GH/IGF-1轴中断。在基线、损伤后24 h、72 h、1周和1个月测量基础GH和IGF-1的循环水平，并通过伊文思蓝染料外渗定量垂体血管通透性。测量动物体重和身长的变化，作为GH和IGF-1破坏的潜在后果。本研究的结果表明，与假手术和单一损伤动物相比，RTBI导致GH和IGF-1循环的显著急性和慢性减少，体重增加和生长减少，以及垂体中伊文思蓝染料外渗增加。RTBI导致GH/IGF-1轴的显著破坏，最终可能影响青春期的正常认知和身体发育。
Adolescents are one of the highest groups at risk for sustaining both traumatic brain injury (TBI) and repeat TBI (RTBI). Consequences of endocrine dysfunction following TBI have been routinely explored in adults, but studies in adolescents are limited, and show an incidence rate of endocrine dysfunction in 16-61% in patients, 1-5 years after injury. Similar to in adults, the most commonly affected axis is growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth hormone 1 (IGF-1). Despite TBI being the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among the pediatric population, there are currently no experimental studies specifically addressing the occurrence of pituitary dysfunction in adolescents. The present study investigated whether a sham, single injury or four repeat injuries (24 h interval) delivered to adolescent rats resulted in disruption of the GH/IGF-1 axis. Circulating levels of basal GH and IGF-1 were measured at baseline, 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, and 1 month after injury, and vascular permeability of the pituitary gland was quantified via Evans Blue dye extravasation. Changes in weight and length of animals were measured as a potential consequence of GH and IGF-1 disruption. The results from the current study demonstrate that RTBI results in significant acute and chronic decreases in circulation of GH and IGF-1, reduction in weight gain and growth, and an increase in Evans Blue dye extravasation in the pituitary compared with sham and single injury animals. RTBI causes significant disruption of the GH/IGF-1 axis that may ultimately affect normal cognitive and physical development during adolescence.