Early Holocene chicken domestication in northern China
Early Holocene chicken domestication in northern China
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1411882111
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发表时间：
2014-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Xiang;Jianqiang Gao;Baoquan Yu;Hui Zhou;Dawei Cai;Youwen Zhang;Xiaoyong Chen;Xi Wang;M. Hofreiter;Xingbo Zhao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Xiang;Jianqiang Gao;Baoquan Yu;Hui Zhou;Dawei Cai;Youwen Zhang;Xiaoyong Chen;Xi Wang;M. Hofreiter;Xingbo Zhao
意义 古代 DNA 分析是揭示驯化物种地理起源的有力工具。在这里，我们从早在一万年前的中国北方最早的考古鸡骨中获得了古代线粒体DNA序列。对我们的古代序列与已发表的现代和古代鸡 mtDNA 序列的大型数据集的综合分析表明，中国北方可能是鸡驯化的几个地区之一，并为人类介导的鸡在全球传播的过程提供了进一步的见解。我们的研究结果不仅表明迄今为止发现的最古老的考古鸡骨确实来自家鸡的祖先，而且还为世界上最早的混合农业综合体之一提供了进一步的证据。鸡是迄今为止最重要的家禽物种，但一个多世纪以来，其驯化的数量、地点和时间一直存在争议。在这里，我们报告了来自中国最早的考古鸡骨的古代线粒体 DNA 序列，其历史可以追溯到距今约 10,000 年。结果清楚地表明，所有调查的骨头，包括南庄头遗址最古老的骨头，都来自鸡属，而不是任何其他相关属，例如雉鸡。我们的分析还表明，中国北方是最早驯化鸡的地区之一，其历史可能早在距今一万年前。与猪驯化的证据类似，我们的结果表明这些早期驯化的鸡对现代鸡种群的基因库做出了贡献。此外，我们的结果支持这样的观点，即原鸡属的多个成员，特别是原鸡和原鸡，对现代家鸡的基因库做出了贡献。我们的研究结果为中国北方存在早期混合农业综合体的越来越多的证据提供了进一步的支持。
Significance Ancient DNA analysis is a powerful tool to reveal the geographical origins of domesticated species. Here we obtained ancient mtDNA sequences from the earliest archaeological chicken bones from northern China as early as 10,000 y ago. Combined analyses of our ancient sequences with a large dataset of published modern and ancient chicken mtDNA sequences suggest that northern China was likely one of several regions of chicken domestication and provide further insights into the process of human-mediated spread of chickens across the globe. Our results not only suggest that the oldest archaeological chicken bones recovered so far are indeed from ancestors of domestic chickens, but also provide further evidence for one of the earliest, mixed agricultural complexes in the world. Chickens represent by far the most important poultry species, yet the number, locations, and timings of their domestication have remained controversial for more than a century. Here we report ancient mitochondrial DNA sequences from the earliest archaeological chicken bones from China, dating back to ∼10,000 B.P. The results clearly show that all investigated bones, including the oldest from the Nanzhuangtou site, are derived from the genus Gallus, rather than any other related genus, such as Phasianus. Our analyses also suggest that northern China represents one region of the earliest chicken domestication, possibly dating as early as 10,000 y B.P. Similar to the evidence from pig domestication, our results suggest that these early domesticated chickens contributed to the gene pool of modern chicken populations. Moreover, our results support the idea that multiple members of the genus Gallus, specifically Gallus gallus and Gallus sonneratii contributed to the gene pool of the modern domestic chicken. Our results provide further support for the growing evidence of an early mixed agricultural complex in northern China.