The Psychology of Superorganisms: Collective Decision Making by Insect Societies.
The Psychology of Superorganisms: Collective Decision Making by Insect Societies.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043249
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发表时间：
2018-01
影响因子：
23.8
通讯作者：
Takao Sasaki;S. Pratt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Takao Sasaki;S. Pratt
在超有机体的概念下，昆虫社会是如此紧密地结合在一起，以至于它们具有类似于单个有机体的特征，包括集体认知。如果是这样的话，那么利用为了解个体动物而开发的方法来研究群体功能可能会取得丰硕成果。在这里，我们回顾了使用心理学方法来理解殖民地决策的研究。神经模型在集体选择中的应用显示了大脑和群体在决策中如何平衡速度/准确性之间的基本相似性。实验分析探讨了集体理性，认知能力，并在个人和群体水平的感性歧视。一个主要的主题是从能力相对较弱的个体之间的相互作用中出现改进的群体水平功能。然而，殖民地也遇到了性能成本，因为它们依赖于正反馈，这会产生共识，但也会放大错误。集体学习是心理学方法进一步应用于殖民地的一个新兴领域。这里回顾的研究策略表明，超有机体的概念可以作为一个说明性的类比。
Under the superorganism concept, insect societies are so tightly integrated that they possess features analogous to those of single organisms, including collective cognition. If so, colony function might fruitfully be studied using methods developed to understand individual animals. Here, we review research that uses psychological approaches to understand decision making by colonies. The application of neural models to collective choice shows fundamental similarities between how brains and colonies balance speed/accuracy trade-offs in decision making. Experimental analyses have explored collective rationality, cognitive capacity, and perceptual discrimination at both individual and colony levels. A major theme is the emergence of improved colony-level function from interactions among relatively less capable individuals. However, colonies also encounter performance costs due to their reliance on positive feedback, which generates consensus but can also amplify errors. Collective learning is a nascent field for the further application of psychological methods to colonies. The research strategy reviewed here shows how the superorganism concept can serve as more than an illustrative analogy.