Effects of natural and experimental drought on soil fungi and biogeochemistry in an Amazon rain forest
Effects of natural and experimental drought on soil fungi and biogeochemistry in an Amazon rain forest
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DOI：
10.1038/s43247-021-00124-8
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发表时间：
2021-03-10
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Nagy, Laszlo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buscardo, Erika;Souza, Romulo C.;Nagy, Laszlo
微生物群是土壤的重要组成部分，推动着生物地球化学循环。真菌影响分解和与植物的生物相互作用跨越尺度。气候预测表明，干旱季节的延长可能会使敏感的雨林转变为热带草原样植被，从而导致地球化学的变化。在这里，我们比较了自然季节性的影响，14年的部分穿透排除在亚马逊雨林，专注于土壤真菌功能多样性，细胞外土壤酶活性（EEA）及其对养分动态的影响。真菌多样性和功能群组成的大的变化发生在响应干旱，在丰富的暗隔膜真菌和减少真菌病原体的显着增加。高季节性的EEA在控制（非干旱）和抑制的季节性在干旱处理，以及增加隐含的氮需求在旱季实验干旱诱导，表明改变土壤微生物区系的活动可能标志着一个悬而未决的转变在森林的生态地球化学功能。亚马逊雨林的长期实验性干旱导致土壤真菌群落组成的变化，土壤酶活性表明氮限制，并增加了抗旱性暗隔膜真菌的相对丰度。
Microbiota are essential components of the soil, driving biogeochemical cycles. Fungi affect decomposition and biotic interactions with plants across scales. Climate projections suggest that extended dry seasons may transform sensitive rain forests into savanna-like vegetation, with consequent changes in biogeochemistry. Here we compare the impacts of natural seasonality with 14 years of partial throughfall exclusion in an Amazonian rain forest, focussing on soil fungal functional diversity, extracellular soil enzyme activities (EEA) and their implications for nutrient dynamics. Large changes in fungal diversity and functional group composition occur in response to drought, with a conspicuous increase in the abundance of dark-septate fungi and a decrease in fungal pathogens. The high seasonality of EEA in the control (non droughted) and suppression of seasonality in the drought treatment, together with an increased implied nitrogen demand in the dry season induced by experimental drought, suggest that the changed soil microbiota activity may signal a pending shift in the biogeochemical functioning of the forest. Long-term experimental drought in the Amazon rain forest leads to shifts in soil fungal community composition, soil enzyme activities that indicate nitrogen limitation, and an increase in the relative abundance of drought-resistant dark septate fungi.