Wide-ranging consequences of priority effects governed by an overarching factor.
Wide-ranging consequences of priority effects governed by an overarching factor.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.79647
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发表时间：
2022-10-27
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Fukami T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chappell CR;Dhami MK;Bitter MC;Czech L;Herrera Paredes S;Barrie FB;Calderón Y;Eritano K;Golden LA;Hekmat-Scafe D;Hsu V;Kieschnick C;Malladi S;Rush N;Fukami T
优先级效应，到达顺序和初始相对丰度调节当地物种的相互作用，可以施加分类，功能和进化的影响，生态群落驱动他们的替代状态。目前尚不清楚优先权效力的这些广泛后果是否可以用一个共同的基本因素来系统地解释。在这里，我们确定这样一个因素在一个经验系统。在一系列的现场和实验室研究中，我们专注于pH值如何影响花蜜殖民微生物及其与植物和传粉者的相互作用。在一项实地调查中，我们发现花蜜微生物群落在蜂鸟授粉灌木，Diplacus（原Mimulus）aurantiacus，表现出丰富的模式，表明替代稳定的状态，出现通过控制细菌或酵母菌在个别花。花蜜pH值在D. aurantiacus开花的方式与这些替代稳定状态的存在一致。在实验室实验中，最常见于D.橙花蜜，产生了强烈的负面优先效应对Metschnikowia reukaufii，最常见的花蜜专家酵母，降低花蜜pH值。这种优先效应可能解释了在实地调查中发现的相互排斥的优势格局。此外，模拟蜂鸟协助花间传播的实验进化表明，M。reukaufii在持续暴露于A.花蜜诱导的pH降低。最后，在一个现场实验中，我们发现，低花蜜pH值可以减少花蜜的蜂鸟消费，这表明pH值驱动的优先效应对植物繁殖的功能后果。综上所述，这些结果表明，它是可能的，以确定一个支配的生态进化动力学的优先级的影响，在多个层次的生物组织的总体因素。
Priority effects, where arrival order and initial relative abundance modulate local species interactions, can exert taxonomic, functional, and evolutionary influences on ecological communities by driving them to alternative states. It remains unclear if these wide-ranging consequences of priority effects can be explained systematically by a common underlying factor. Here, we identify such a factor in an empirical system. In a series of field and laboratory studies, we focus on how pH affects nectar-colonizing microbes and their interactions with plants and pollinators. In a field survey, we found that nectar microbial communities in a hummingbird-pollinated shrub, Diplacus (formerly Mimulus) aurantiacus, exhibited abundance patterns indicative of alternative stable states that emerge through domination by either bacteria or yeasts within individual flowers. In addition, nectar pH varied among D. aurantiacus flowers in a manner that is consistent with the existence of these alternative stable states. In laboratory experiments, Acinetobacter nectaris, the bacterium most commonly found in D. aurantiacus nectar, exerted a strongly negative priority effect against Metschnikowia reukaufii, the most common nectar-specialist yeast, by reducing nectar pH. This priority effect likely explains the mutually exclusive pattern of dominance found in the field survey. Furthermore, experimental evolution simulating hummingbird-assisted dispersal between flowers revealed that M. reukaufii could evolve rapidly to improve resistance against the priority effect if constantly exposed to A. nectaris-induced pH reduction. Finally, in a field experiment, we found that low nectar pH could reduce nectar consumption by hummingbirds, suggesting functional consequences of the pH-driven priority effect for plant reproduction. Taken together, these results show that it is possible to identify an overarching factor that governs the eco-evolutionary dynamics of priority effects across multiple levels of biological organization.