A comparison of building energy codes and policies in the USA, Germany, and China: progress toward the net-zero building goal in three countries
A comparison of building energy codes and policies in the USA, Germany, and China: progress toward the net-zero building goal in three countries
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DOI：
10.1007/s10098-018-1636-x
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Qiu, Yueming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Ming;Qiu, Yueming
近年来，许多国家和组织提出了大量倡议和政策来推动净零能源建筑运动。虽然已经进行了一些研究工作，以建立一个一致和全面的净零建筑标准框架，但尚未充分了解与净零建筑相关的政策和法规的差异及其影响。这项研究的目的是调查如何快速的建筑存量可以转化为净零能源建筑（NZEs）。重点不是技术性的，也不是基于经济限制，而是能源效率政策的潜在影响。作为回应，本文首先概述了全球范围内与净零建筑发展相关的法规和政策的现状。其次，本文比较并解释了不同地区建筑节能法规的主要差异，并以三个国家为例来说明不同的方法。这三个国家分别位于三个不同的大洲，分别是美国、德国和中国。最后，三个原型建筑模型与上述三个国家相似的气候区分类基于每个国家各自的建筑节能法规。原型是根据基线进行分析的，有和没有建筑规范和政策的影响。初步结果表明，目前，中国几乎没有严格的建筑规范要求，但由于可接受的室内热环境范围更广，中国有更大的潜力比美国实现净零目标。此外，建筑行业的政策对中国减少能源和碳排放产生了重大的积极影响。相比之下，德国实现净零目标的潜力略高于其他两个国家，而美国，如果没有积极的能源政策，将在不久的将来表现不佳，与世界上大多数国家相比。[图形]
In recent years, numerous countries and organizations have presented a large number of initiatives and policies to promote the net-zero energy building movement. Although several research efforts have been conducted to set up a consistent and holistic framework of net-zero building standards, the differences in policies and codes related to net-zero buildings and their impacts are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate how rapidly the building stock can be transformed into net-zero energy buildings (NZEs). The focus is not technical or based on economic constraints but instead on the potential impact of energy efficiency policies. In response, this paper first presents an overview of the current status of codes and policies related to net-zero building development worldwide. Second, this paper compares and explains the major differences in building energy codes among regions; three countries are used as examples to demonstrate the different approaches. The three countries, which are located on three different continents, are the USA, Germany, and China. Lastly, three prototype buildings are modeledwith similar climate zone classifications as the above-mentioned three countriesbased on each country's respective building energy codes. The prototypes are analyzed against a baseline, with and without the impact of building codes and policies. The preliminary results indicate that, currently, China has few stringent building code requirements; however, due to the wider acceptable indoor thermal environmental range, China has higher potential than the USA to achieve the net-zero goal. Additionally, policies in the building sector have had a substantial positive impact on the reduction of energy and carbon emissions in China. In comparison, Germany has slightly higher potential to achieve the net-zero goal than the other two countries, whereas the USA, without a positive energy policy, will underperform in the near future, compared to most countries worldwide.[GRAPHICS]