Epidemiology of chronic wasting disease in captive Rocky Mountain elk
Epidemiology of chronic wasting disease in captive Rocky Mountain elk
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DOI：
10.7589/0090-3558-34.3.532
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发表时间：
1998-07-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Williams, ES
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, MW;Wild, MA;Williams, ES
1986年6月至1997年5月期间，慢性消耗性疾病（CWD）是美国科罗拉多州柯林斯堡附近野生动物研究机构圈养的落基山麋鹿（Cervus elaphus,nelsoni）成年死亡的唯一自然原因。在15个月前仍留在该种群的23只麋鹿中，有4只（17%）发生了CWD。所有受影响的麋鹿都是创始群体中没有血缘关系的雌性麋鹿，它们在1986年被捕获并饲养。指示病例于1989年确诊；后续病例之间的时间间隔为13至32个月。出现临床症状的初始年龄约为2.9至8.1岁；死亡前临床疾病持续时间为5至12个月（平均= 7.5个月）。CWD的种内横向传播似乎是对观察到的流行模式最合理的解释；无论是围产期传播还是孕产妇传播，似乎都不是维持这一疫情的必要条件。与以前在同一设施中发生的疫情相比，早期发现和消除潜伏期或临床个体可能有助于降低接触率或感染率。传播途径和传播率、发病机制、生前诊断工具以及宿主或环境污染在CWD持续流行中的潜在作用值得进一步调查。
Between June 1986 and May 1997, chronic wasting disease (CWD) was the only natural cause of adult mortality among captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus,nelsoni) held at a wildlife research facility near Fort Collins, Colorado (USA). Of 23 elk that remained in this herd >15 mo, four (17%) developed CWD. All affected elk were unrelated females from the founding cohort, captured as neonates and raised in 1986. The index case was diagnosed in 1989; time intervals between subsequent cases ranged from 13 to 32 mo. Initial age at onset of clinical signs ranged from about 2.9 to 8.1 yr; duration of clinical disease ranged from 5 to 12 mo (mean = 7.5 mo) prior to death. Intraspecific lateral transmission of CWD seemed the most plausible explanation for the epidemic pattern observed; neither periparturient nor maternal transmission appeared necessary to sustain this outbreak. Early detection and elimination of incubating or clinical individuals may have aided in reducing exposure or infection rates as compared to a previous outbreak in the same facility. Transmission routes and rates, pathogenesis, antemortem diagnostic tools, and the potential role of reservoirs or environmental contamination in perpetuating CWD epidemics warrant further investigation.