FRIENDS OF HOT JUPITERS. I. A RADIAL VELOCITY SEARCH FOR MASSIVE, LONG-PERIOD COMPANIONS TO CLOSE-IN GAS GIANT PLANETS
FRIENDS OF HOT JUPITERS. I. A RADIAL VELOCITY SEARCH FOR MASSIVE, LONG-PERIOD COMPANIONS TO CLOSE-IN GAS GIANT PLANETS
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DOI：
10.1088/0004-637x/785/2/126
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发表时间：
2013-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Knutson;B. Fulton;B. Montet;M. Kao;H. Ngo;A. Howard;J. Crepp;S. Hinkley;G. Bakos;K. Batygin;J. Johnson;T. Morton;P. Muirhead
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文献类型：
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作者：
H. Knutson;B. Fulton;B. Montet;M. Kao;H. Ngo;A. Howard;J. Crepp;S. Hinkley;G. Bakos;K. Batygin;J. Johnson;T. Morton;P. Muirhead
在本文中，我们寻找遥远的大质量同伴已知过境的气体巨行星，可能会影响这些系统的动力学演化。我们提出了新的径向速度观测样本的51颗行星使用凯克HIRES仪器，并发现统计上显着的加速度在15个系统。这些系统中有六个在已发表的文献中没有先前报告的加速度：HAT-P-10，HAT-P-22，HAT-P-29，HAT-P-32，WASP-10和XO-2。我们结合联合收割机我们的径向速度适合与凯克NIRC 2自适应光学（AO）成像数据的允许质量和轨道周期的同伴负责检测到的加速度的限制。伴星的估计质量在1-500兆焦耳之间，轨道半长轴通常在1-75 Au之间。我们的调查发现的绝大多数同伴都被限制在具有与这些系统中的过境行星相当或更大的最小质量，使它们成为影响内部气体巨星轨道演化的候选者。我们估计，在我们的样本中，质量在1-13 MJup之间，轨道半长轴在1-20 Au之间的伴星的总出现率为51% ± 10%。我们没有发现统计学上的显着差异的频率伴侣过境行星与未对准或偏心的轨道和那些对准，圆形轨道。我们结合联合收割机我们的径向速度测量的扩展样本与过境和二次日食观测的限制，以提供改进的测量的物理和轨道特性的所有行星包括在我们的调查。
In this paper we search for distant massive companions to known transiting gas giant planets that may have influenced the dynamical evolution of these systems. We present new radial velocity observations for a sample of 51 planets obtained using the Keck HIRES instrument, and find statistically significant accelerations in fifteen systems. Six of these systems have no previously reported accelerations in the published literature: HAT-P-10, HAT-P-22, HAT-P-29, HAT-P-32, WASP-10, and XO-2. We combine our radial velocity fits with Keck NIRC2 adaptive optics (AO) imaging data to place constraints on the allowed masses and orbital periods of the companions responsible for the detected accelerations. The estimated masses of the companions range between 1–500 MJup, with orbital semi-major axes typically between 1–75 AU. A significant majority of the companions detected by our survey are constrained to have minimum masses comparable to or larger than those of the transiting planets in these systems, making them candidates for influencing the orbital evolution of the inner gas giant. We estimate a total occurrence rate of 51% ± 10% for companions with masses between 1–13 MJup and orbital semi-major axes between 1–20 AU in our sample. We find no statistically significant difference between the frequency of companions to transiting planets with misaligned or eccentric orbits and those with well-aligned, circular orbits. We combine our expanded sample of radial velocity measurements with constraints from transit and secondary eclipse observations to provide improved measurements of the physical and orbital characteristics of all of the planets included in our survey.