Current accounts of antimicrobial resistance: stabilisation, individualisation and antibiotics as infrastructure
Current accounts of antimicrobial resistance: stabilisation, individualisation and antibiotics as infrastructure
复制标题
DOI：
10.1057/s41599-019-0263-4
复制
发表时间：
2019-05-21
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Chandler, Clare I. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chandler, Clare I. R.
抗菌素耐药性(AMR)是作为一种新兴的全球健康威胁而刺激政治和金融投资的最新问题之一。本文从以下三个方面对AMR的建设问题进行了探讨。首先，考察AMR成为行动对象的一些方式--通过定义、计数和投射它。在莱科夫关于新发传染病的研究之后，这篇论文表明，尽管由于定义和后勤问题，对AMR采取“精算”方法可能难以稳定，但通过强调AMR威胁的“哨兵”方法已成功地稳定了AMR。其次，这篇论文对比了AMR针对连通性问题的表述方式和针对AMR的常见解决方案集中在个人行为上的对比。这篇论文认为，AMR提供了一个认真对待联系、规模和系统的机会，但这一努力受到了将健康问题简化为个人责任问题的普遍趋势的破坏。第三，论文将AMR视为基础设施反转的时刻(Bowker和Star)，当抗菌剂及其所做的工作变得更加明显时。这导致了将抗生素作为基础设施的提议--这是我们认为理所当然的木制品的一部分，与我们的生活方式，特别是现代生活息息相关。这些探索展示了社会、经济和政治框架继续定义AMR的方式以及如何对其采取行动，这为重新配置AMR的研究和行动打开了可能性。
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the latest issues to galvanise political and financial investment as an emerging global health threat. This paper explores the construction of AMR as a problem, following three lines of analysis. First, an examination of some of the ways in which AMR has become an object for action-through defining, counting and projecting it. Following Lakoff's work on emerging infectious diseases, the paper illustrates that while an 'actuarial' approach to AMR may be challenging to stabilise due to definitional and logistical issues, it has been successfully stabilised through a 'sentinel' approach that emphasises the threat of AMR. Second, the paper draws out a contrast between the way AMR is formulated in terms of a problem of connectedness-a 'One Health' issue-and the frequent solutions to AMR being focused on individual behaviour. The paper suggests that AMR presents an opportunity to take seriously connections, scale and systems but that this effort is undermined by the prevailing tendency to reduce health issues to matters for individual responsibility. Third, the paper takes AMR as a moment of infrastructural inversion (Bowker and Star) when antimicrobials and the work they do are rendered more visible. This leads to the proposal of antibiotics as infrastructure-part of the woodwork that we take for granted, and entangled with our ways of doing life, in particular modern life. These explorations render visible the ways social, economic and political frames continue to define AMR and how it may be acted upon, which opens up possibilities for reconfiguring AMR research and action.