Enhanced solar and wind potential during widespread temperature extremes across the U.S. interconnected energy grids
Enhanced solar and wind potential during widespread temperature extremes across the U.S. interconnected energy grids
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在美国互联能源网普遍出现极端温度的情况下，太阳能和风能潜力得到增强
DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/ad2e72
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Kalashnikov, Dmitri A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Singh, Deepti;Bekris, Yianna S;Rogers, Cassandra D;Doss-Gollin, James;Coffel, Ethan D;Kalashnikov, Dmitri A
美国最近几次大范围的极端气温与停电有关，有时会中断对社区健康和福祉至关重要的电力供应。在我们的能源基础设施中建立对这种极端情况的复原力，需要全面了解它们的空间和时间特征。在这项研究中，我们利用ERA5再分析数据，系统地量化了北美电力可靠性公司六个地区大范围温度极端事件的频率、范围、持续时间和强度及其相关的能源需求。我们表明，每个地区都经历过热或冷的极端，几乎影响了整个地区的范围，这些事件与显著更高的能源需求有关，导致整个电网同时受到压力。美国西部极端高温的频率(123%)、范围(32%)、持续时间(55%)和强度(29%)显著增加，德克萨斯州极端高温的频率(132%)显著增加。在大多数地区，极端寒冷的频率有所下降，但其他特征没有发生实质性变化。使用停电数据，我们表明，最近在几乎每个地区普遍存在的极端情况都与停电同时发生，根据地区的不同，此类停电占过去十年所有与天气有关的停电的12%-52%。重要的是，我们发现，在所有六个地区的大范围高温极端期间和在六个地区中的五个地区大范围极端寒冷期间，太阳电势显著较高。此外，在至少三个地区的大范围热或冷极端天气期间，风力潜力明显更高。我们的发现表明，在这种广泛的极端情况下，可以利用增加的太阳能和风能来满足对能源的更高需求，在限制碳排放的同时，提高我们能源系统的弹性和可靠性。
Several recent widespread temperature extremes across the United States (US) have been associated with power outages, disrupting access to electricity at times that are critical for the health and well-being of communities. Building resilience to such extremes in our energy infrastructure needs a comprehensive understanding of their spatial and temporal characteristics. In this study, we systematically quantify the frequency, extent, duration, and intensity of widespread temperature extremes and their associated energy demand in the six North American Electric Reliability Corporation regions using ERA5 reanalysis data. We show that every region has experienced hot or cold extremes that affected nearly their entire extent and such events were associated with substantially higher energy demand, resulting in simultaneous stress across the entire electric gird. The western US experienced significant increases in the frequency (123%), extent (32%), duration (55%) and intensity (29%) of hot extremes and Texas experienced significant increases in the frequency (132%) of hot extremes. The frequency of cold extremes has decreased across most regions without substantial changes in other characteristics. Using power outage data, we show that recent widespread extremes in nearly every region have coincided with power outages, and such outages account for between 12%–52% of all weather-related outages in the past decade depending on the region. Importantly, we find that solar potential is significantly higher during widespread hot extremes in all six regions and during widespread cold extremes in five of the six regions. Further, wind potential is significantly higher during widespread hot or cold extremes in at least three regions. Our findings indicate that increased solar and wind capacity could be leveraged to meet the higher demand for energy during such widespread extremes, improving the resilience and reliability of our energy systems in addition to limiting carbon emissions.