Childhood blindness
Childhood blindness
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DOI：
10.1016/s1091-8531(99)70091-1
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发表时间：
1999-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Coats, DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steinkuller, PG;Du, L;Coats, DK
目的：本研究的目的是总结世界范围内关于儿童致盲疾病的现有数据，并介绍美国儿童失明的最新信息。方法：我们通过对世界文献的全面检索和与美国每一所盲人学校的直接联系获得数据。结果：全世界5%的失明患者是15岁以下的儿童；在发展中国家，50%的人口属于这一年龄组。按照世界卫生组织的标准，全世界有150万失明儿童：100万在亚洲，30万在非洲，10万在拉丁美洲，10万在世界其他地区。不同地区儿童失明的原因有显著差异，这显然是基于社会经济因素。在发展中国家，30%至72%的这种失明是可以避免的，9%至58%是可以预防的，14%至31%是可以治疗的。主要原因是由麻疹、干眼症和使用传统眼科药物共同引起的角膜混浊。美国没有全国性的盲人登记机构，大多数盲人学校也没有保存学生失明原因的数据。从那些有相关信息的学校来看，最主要的3个原因是皮质性视觉损伤，早产儿视网膜病变和视神经发育不全。在过去的十年中，皮质性视力丧失和早产儿视网膜病变的发生率显著增加。结论：儿童失明的患病率和病因存在明显的地区差异，这显然是基于限制预防和治疗方案的社会经济因素。在美国，儿童失明的三大主要原因是皮质性视力障碍、早产儿视网膜病变和视神经发育不全。需要根据世界卫生组织的既定报告格式提供更完整和更统一的数据。
Purpose: The objective of this study was to summarize available data regarding pediatric blinding diseases worldwide and to present the most up-to-date information on childhood blindness in the United States. Methods: We obtained data from a complete search of the world literature and from direct contact with ea ch of the schools for the blind in the United States. Results: Five percent of worldwide blindness involves children younger than 15 years of age; in developing countries 50% of the population is in this age group. By World Health Organization criteria, there are 1.5 million children worldwide who are blind: 1.0 million in Asia, 0.3 million in Africa, 0.1 million in Latin America, and 0.1 million in the rest of the world. There are marked differences in the causes of pediatric blindness in different regions,apparently based on socioeconomic factors. In developing countries, 30% to 72% of su ch blindness is avoidable, 9% to 58% is preventable, and 14% to 31% is treatable. The leading cause is corneal opacification caused by a combination of measles, xerophthalmia, and the use of traditional eye medicine. There is no national registry of the blind in the United States, and most of the schools for the blind do not keep data regarding the cause of blindness in their students. From those schools that do have this information, the top 3 causes are cortical visual impairment, retinopathy of prematurity, and optic nerve hypoplasia. There has been a significant increase in both cortical vision loss and retinopathy of prematurity in the past 10 years. Conclusions: There are marked regional differences in the prevalence and causes of pediatric blindness, apparently based on socioeconomic factors that limit prevention and treatment schemes. In the United States the 3 leading causes of pediatric blindness are cortical visual impairment, retinopathy of prematurity, and optic nerve hypoplasia. There is a need for more complete and more uniform data based on the established World Health Organization reporting format.