Carbon democracy
Carbon democracy
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碳民主
DOI：
10.1080/03085140903020598
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Timothy Mitchell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Timothy Mitchell
依赖石油收入的国家似乎比其他国家更不民主。然而，石油给民主带来了一个大得多的问题：面对石油枯竭和灾难性气候变化的威胁，出现的管理碳能源时代的民主机制似乎无法解决可能终结这一时代的过程。这篇文章通过考察二十世纪煤炭、石油和民主的交叉历史，探索了碳民主的这些多个维度。紧随化石燃料的生产、分配和转化为其他形式的社会技术组织、金融流通和政治权力的方法，文章追溯了能源流动的集中和控制如何能够打开或关闭民主的可能性；战后如何在石油流动和国际金融流动之间建立联系，这被认为是民主稳定所依赖的；这些同样的循环如何使经济及其无限增长成为民主政治的主要目标；以及在1967-74年的石油-美元中东危机中，能源、金融、经济知识、民主和暴力之间的关系是如何转变的。
Abstract States that depend upon oil revenues appear to be less democratic than other states. Yet oil presents a much larger problem for democracy: faced with the threats of oil depletion and catastrophic climate change, the democratic machineries that emerged to govern the age of carbon energy seem to be unable to address the processes that may end it. This article explores these multiple dimensions of carbon democracy, by examining the intersecting histories of coal, oil and democracy in the twentieth century. Following closely the methods by which fossil fuels were produced, distributed and converted into other forms of socio-technical organization, financial circulation and political power, the article traces ways in which the concentration and control of energy flows could open up democratic possibilities or close them down; how connections were engineered in the post-war period between the flow of oil and the flows of international finance, on which democratic stability was thought to depend; how these same circulations made possible the emergence of the economy and its unlimited growth as the main object of democratic politics; and how the relations among forms of energy, finance, economic knowledge, democracy and violence were transformed in the 1967–74 oil–dollar Middle East crises.