Neuroplasticity and cognitive aging: the scaffolding theory of aging and cognition.
Neuroplasticity and cognitive aging: the scaffolding theory of aging and cognition.
复制标题
神经塑性和认知衰老：衰老和认知的脚手架理论。
DOI：
10.3233/rnn-2009-0493
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Park DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goh JO;Park DC
最近一项名为“认知衰老支架理论”（STAC）的提案假设，随着衰老而发生的功能变化是补偿性认知支架寿命过程的一部分，该支架试图缓解与衰老相关的认知衰退。事实上，行为研究表明，衰老与选择性认知能力的下降和保留有关。同样，神经影像学研究揭示了衰老大脑中的选择性变化，这些变化反映了神经衰退以及代偿性神经募集。虽然衰老与皮质厚度、白质完整性、多巴胺能活性和海马体和枕叶等后脑区域功能参与度的降低有关，但额叶功能参与度的代偿性增加与老年人更好的行为表现相关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些与年龄相关的行为和大脑发现，这些发现支持认知支架的 STAC 模型，并另外整合了神经可塑性的发现作为衰老大脑的补偿反应。因此，我们还研究了外部经历对促进老年人神经可塑性的影响。最后，在为 STAC 奠定基础后，我们简要描述了一项拟议的干预试验（突触计划），该试验旨在评估参与生活方式活动的行为和神经影响，通过对照实验促进成功的认知支架，其中老年参与者被随机分配到不同的参与条件。
A recent proposal called the Scaffolding Theory of Cognitive Aging (STAC) postulates that functional changes with aging are part of a lifespan process of compensatory cognitive scaffolding that is an attempt to alleviate the cognitive declines associated with aging. Indeed, behavioral studies have shown that aging is associated with both decline as well as preservation of selective cognitive abilities. Similarly, neuroimaging studies have revealed selective changes in the aging brain that reflect neural decline as well as compensatory neural recruitment. While aging is associated with reductions in cortical thickness, white-matter integrity, dopaminergic activity, and functional engagement in posterior brain regions such as the hippocampus and occipital areas, there are compensatory increases in frontal functional engagement that correlate with better behavioral performance in older adults. In this review, we discuss these age-related behavioral and brain findings that support the STAC model of cognitive scaffolding and additionally integrate the findings on neuroplasticity as a compensatory response in the aging brain. As such, we also examine the impact of external experiences in facilitating neuroplasticity in older adults. Finally, having laid the foundation for STAC, we briefly describe a proposed intervention trial (The Synapse Program) designed to evaluate the behavioral and neural impact of engagement in lifestyle activities that facilitates successful cognitive scaffolding using a controlled experiment where older adult participants are randomly assigned to different conditions of engagement.