Optimizing the dammed: water supply losses and fish habitat gains from dam removal in California.
Optimizing the dammed: water supply losses and fish habitat gains from dam removal in California.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.024
复制
发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
S. Null;J. Medellín-Azuara;A. Escriva-Bou;M. Lent;J. Lund
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Null;J. Medellín-Azuara;A. Escriva-Bou;M. Lent;J. Lund
水坝提供供水、防洪和水力发电效益，但也通过改变自然水流状况和退化水生和河岸栖息地而损害本地物种。恢复一些河流的自由流动条件可能会恢复显着的环境效益，但会付出一定的经济代价。本研究采用系统分析方法来初步评估加州中央山谷拆除边缘水坝的情况，以强调有希望的栖息地和供水和水力发电的经济利用权衡。 CALVIN 是一种经济工程优化模型，用于评估拆除水坝造成的蓄水量和水资源短缺。以 2085 年为中心的 30 年温暖干燥气候模型和 2050 年用水需求的人口增长情景代表了未来的情况。将水力发电和水资源短缺与城市、农业和河内流量需求之间的权衡与大坝拆除后溯河产卵鱼类可进入的额外河流公里数栖息地进行比较。结果表明，现有基础设施如果作为一个系统运行（忽略许多当前的制度限制），将是最有益的。拆除所有边缘水坝对加州来说并不有利，但从优化供水和自由流动河流的角度来看，现有水坝的一部分可能是拆除的潜在候选者。拆除个别水坝将使全州供水量减少 0-22.82 亿立方米，并提供进入水坝上游 0 至 3200 公里鲑鱼栖息地的通道。这里描述的方法可以帮助确定大坝拆除的优先顺序，尽管还需要更详细的、针对具体项目的研究。同样，当作为一个系统进行评估和运行时，改善环境保护可以大大降低经济成本。
Dams provide water supply, flood protection, and hydropower generation benefits, but also harm native species by altering the natural flow regime and degrading aquatic and riparian habitat. Restoring some rivers reaches to free-flowing conditions may restore substantial environmental benefits, but at some economic cost. This study uses a systems analysis approach to preliminarily evaluate removing rim dams in California's Central Valley to highlight promising habitat and unpromising economic use tradeoffs for water supply and hydropower. CALVIN, an economic-engineering optimization model, is used to evaluate water storage and scarcity from removing dams. A warm and dry climate model for a 30-year period centered at 2085, and a population growth scenario for year 2050 water demands represent future conditions. Tradeoffs between hydropower generation and water scarcity to urban, agricultural, and instream flow requirements were compared with additional river kilometers of habitat accessible to anadromous fish species following dam removal. Results show that existing infrastructure is most beneficial if operated as a system (ignoring many current institutional constraints). Removing all rim dams is not beneficial for California, but a subset of existing dams are potentially promising candidates for removal from an optimized water supply and free-flowing river perspective. Removing individual dams decreases statewide delivered water by 0–2282 million cubic meters and provides access to 0 to 3200 km of salmonid habitat upstream of dams. The method described here can help prioritize dam removal, although more detailed, project-specific studies also are needed. Similarly, improving environmental protection can come at substantially lower economic cost, when evaluated and operated as a system.