Strategic planning to mitigate mining impacts on protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon
Strategic planning to mitigate mining impacts on protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon
复制标题
减轻采矿对巴西亚马逊保护区影响的战略规划
DOI：
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
27.6
通讯作者：
Laura J. Sonter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Juliana Siqueira;J. Metzger;L. E. Sánchez;Laura J. Sonter
对矿物的需求不断增长，这增加了开放保护区进行采矿的压力。在这里，我们开发空间显式模型来比较五种政策方案的影响，以降低PA的组合，允许在巴西亚马逊地区采矿。我们发现，降级（开放）该地区的整个保护区网络，以开发额外的242个矿藏将导致183平方公里的森林砍伐，其中一半在高度生物多样性的地区。这种情况还需要修建1，463公里的新建道路，以方便进入该地区，从而导致间接森林砍伐（估计比直接采矿清理大40倍）和森林破碎化。减少保护区的降级将使矿山扩张的影响减半，但每开采一个额外的存款，就需要更长的通道，以避免穿越仍受保护的地区。促进可持续发展，同时保护矿产丰富地区的生物多样性，需要进行长期战略规划，包括确定对保护至关重要的禁区，并制定政策，在提供进入新矿区的机会时减少对基础设施的影响。随着对矿物的需求不断增长，保护区面临着允许采矿活动的压力。本研究考察了五种政策情景的影响，在这些情景下，保护区的组合允许在巴西亚马逊地区进行采矿，并表明需要制定长期规划来保护生物多样性。
Growing demand for minerals is increasing pressure to open protected areas (PAs) for mining. Here we develop spatially explicit models to compare impacts among five policy scenarios to downgrade combinations of PA to allow mining in the Brazilian Amazon. We found downgrading (opening) the region’s entire PAs network to develop an additional 242 mineral deposits would cause 183 km2 of deforestation from mining, half of this in highly biodiverse regions. This scenario would also require 1,463 km of new roads that facilitate access to the region, causing indirect deforestation (estimated to be 40 times larger than direct mining clearing) and forest fragmentation. Downgrading fewer PAs would halve the impacts of mine expansion but require longer access roads per additional deposit mined to avoid crossing areas still protected. Promoting sustainable development while safeguarding biodiversity in mineral-rich regions requires strategic long-term planning that includes identifying no-go areas critical to conservation and designing policies to reduce infrastructure impact when providing access to new mining areas. With a growing demand for minerals, protected areas (PAs) are under pressure to allow mining activities. This study examines the impacts of five policy scenarios under which combinations of PAs allow mining in the Brazilian Amazon, and shows the need for long-term planning to safeguard biodiversity.