Aflatoxin reduction in corn through field application of competitive fungi
Aflatoxin reduction in corn through field application of competitive fungi
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DOI：
10.4315/0362-028x-62.6.650
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Wicklow, DT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dorner, JW;Cole, RJ;Wicklow, DT
用黄曲霉和曲霉的非产黄曲霉毒素菌株接种玉米地土壤。在1994年至1997年的作物年期间，对寄生虫进行了检测，以确定施用非转基因菌株对玉米收获前黄曲霉毒素污染的影响。在田地的单独部分中的玉米地块不接种并用作对照。接种导致总A.黄曲霉/寄生菌土壤种群数量以施用菌株A.寄生虫（NRRL 21369）。在1996年和1997年的天气条件有利于黄曲霉毒素污染的年份，玉米主要是由A。flavus与A.寄生虫1996年，野生型A.黄曲霉菌在处理区显著低于对照区，而总曲霉菌在处理区显著低于对照区。两组之间的黄/寄生虫定植没有差异。一种更具侵略性的A.黄曲霉（NRRL 21882）作为生物防治接种物的一部分导致所施用的菌株在玉米中的定殖显著（P < 0.001）更高。1994年和1995年的天气条件不利于黄曲霉毒素污染。1996年，处理过的玉米地中黄曲霉毒素浓度平均为24.0 ppb，与对照地中平均188.4 ppb的黄曲霉毒素浓度相比，降低了87%。1997年，与对照玉米（87.5 ppb）相比，处理玉米（29.8 ppb）中的黄曲霉毒素减少了66%。总之，数据表明，虽然A.寄生菌在土壤中占优势，非产黄曲霉毒素的A.黄曲霉菌对观察到的黄曲霉毒素污染的减少负有更大的责任。包括A.在黄曲霉毒素污染的生物防治制剂中，寄生虫对空气传播的作物如玉米可能不如对土壤传播的作物如花生重要。
Soil in corn plots was inoculated with nonaflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus during crop years 1994 to 1997 to determine the effect of application of the nontoxigenic strains on preharvest aflatoxin contamination of corn. Corn plots in a separate part of the field were not inoculated and served as controls. Inoculation resulted in significant increases in the total A. flavus/parasiticus soil population in treated plots, and that population was dominated by the applied strain of A. parasiticus (NRRL 21369). In the years when weather conditions favored aflatoxin contamination (1996 and 1997), corn was predominately colonized by A. flavus as opposed to A. parasiticus. In 1996, colonization by wild-type A. flavus was significantly reduced in treated plots compared with control plots, but total A. flavus/parasiticus colonization was not different between the two groups. A change to a more aggressive strain of A. flavus (NRRL 21882) as part of the biocontrol inoculum in 1997 resulted in a significantly (P < 0.001) higher colonization of corn by the applied strain. Weather conditions did not favor aflatoxin contamination in 1994 and 1995. In 1996, the aflatoxin concentration in corn from treated plots averaged 24.0 ppb, a reduction of 87% compared with the aflatoxin in control plots that averaged 188.4 ppb. In 1997, aflatoxin was reduced by 66% in treated corn (29.8 ppb) compared with control corn (87.5 ppb). Together, the data indicated that although the applied strain of A. parasiticus dominated in the soil, the nonaflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus were more responsible for the observed reductions in aflatoxin contamination. Inclusion of a nonaflatoxigenic strain of A. parasiticus in a biological control formulation for aflatoxin contamination may not be as important for airborne crops, such as corn, as for soilborne crops, such as peanuts.