Extreme solar EUV flares and ICMEs and resultant extreme ionospheric effects: Comparison of the Halloween 2003 and the Bastille Day events
Extreme solar EUV flares and ICMEs and resultant extreme ionospheric effects: Comparison of the Halloween 2003 and the Bastille Day events
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极端太阳 EUV 耀斑和 ICME 以及由此产生的极端电离层效应：2003 年万圣节和巴士底日事件的比较
DOI：
10.1029/2005rs003331
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
G. A. Zambon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Tsurutani;F. Guarnieri;Tim Fuller;A. Mannucci;B. Iijima;Walter D. Gonzalez;Darrell L. Judge;P. Gangopadhyay;A. Saito;T. Tsuda;O. Verkhoglyadova;G. A. Zambon
极端太阳耀斑会导致极端的电离层效应。2003年10月28日的耀斑导致总电子含量单位增加了约25（1个总电子含量单位TECU = 10¹⁶个电子/平方米柱密度），也就是当地正午赤道电离层柱密度增加了约30%。总电子含量的增强在约5分钟内发生。这次总电子含量的增加量约是2003年10月29日、11月4日的耀斑以及2000年7月14日（法国国庆日）耀斑所检测到的总电子含量增加量的5倍。在260 - 340埃的极紫外波长范围内，10月28日耀斑的峰值计数率是其他三次耀斑的两倍多。另一个强烈的电离层效应是行星际日冕物质抛射（ICME）电场对电离层的延迟影响。对于10月28日和29日的耀斑，相关的行星际日冕物质抛射以特别高的速度从太阳传播到地球。行星际电场（IEFs）的快速穿透导致昼侧近赤道电离层因E×B对流而强烈抬升。抬升的等离子体沿着地球磁场线向更高磁纬度的扩散是这些行星际电场（超级风暴）事件期间的一个主要等离子体传输过程。这种扩散应该会导致中纬度电离层倒置（氧离子处于比质子更高的高度）。这种超级喷泉现象输入到中纬度电离层的能量可能会导致当地昼侧中纬度扰动发电机，这些特征无法从夜侧极光区传播过来。
Extreme solar flares can cause extreme ionospheric effects. The 28 October 2003 flare caused a ∼25 total electron content units (TECU = 1016 el/m2 column density), or a ∼30%, increase in the local noon equatorial ionospheric column density. The rise in the TEC enhancement occurred in ∼5 min. This TEC increase was ∼5 times the TEC increases detected for the 29 October and the 4 November 2003 flares and the 14 July 2000 (Bastille Day) flare. In the 260–340 Å EUV wavelength range, the 28 October flare peak count rate was more than twice as large as for the other three flares. Another strong ionospheric effect is the delayed influence of the interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) electric fields on the ionosphere. For the 28 and 29 October flares, the associated ICMEs propagated from the Sun to the Earth at particularly high speeds. The prompt penetration of the interplanetary electric fields (IEFs) caused the dayside near‐equatorial ionosphere to be strongly uplifted by E × B convection. Consequential diffusion of the uplifted plasma down the Earth's magnetic field lines to higher magnetic latitudes is a major plasma transport process during these IEF (superstorm) events. Such diffusion should lead to inverted midlatitude ionospheres (oxygen ions at higher altitudes than protons). The energy input into the midlatitude ionospheres by this superfountain phenomenon could lead to local dayside midlatitude disturbance dynamos, features which cannot propagate from the nightside auroral zones.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Tsurutani, B;Mannucci, A;Vasyliunas, VM
通讯作者：
Vasyliunas, VM