The Effects of Air Pollution upon Public Health
The Effects of Air Pollution upon Public Health
复制标题
空气污染对公众健康的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. H. Lam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Chan;Katherine Newell;K. H. Lam
空气污染是世界上大部分地区普遍存在的危害。几十年的流行病学研究提供了证据，证明接触环境细颗粒物和臭氧以及家庭使用固体燃料做饭造成的家庭空气污染对健康的长期影响。全球疾病负担研究（GBD）估计，2017年环境和家庭空气污染共造成约460万人过早死亡和1.47亿残疾调整生命年，是全球最大的环境风险因素和第五大健康不良风险因素。本章首先介绍流行病学中与疾病负担估计相关的关键概念和方法，特别关注GBD的范围;然后，对不同空气污染物对特定健康影响的现有证据进行检查，然后说明证据的局限性和未来的研究需求。
Air pollution is a ubiquitous hazard in most parts of the world. Decades of epidemiological research have provided evidence on the long-term health effect of exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and ozone, and household air pollution from domestic solid fuel use for cooking. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) estimated that ambient and household air pollution together accounted for about 4.6 million premature deaths and 147 million disability adjusted life years in 2017, representing the top environmental risk factor and the fifth leading risk factor for poor health globally. This chapter first describes the key concepts and methodology related to disease burden estimation in epidemiology, with a specific focus on the scope of the GBD; then, the existing evidence on the specific health effects of different air pollutants are examined, followed by a note on the limitations of the evidence and future research needs.