Uptake of human pharmaceuticals and personal care products by cabbage (Brassica campestris) from fortified and biosolids-amended soils
Uptake of human pharmaceuticals and personal care products by cabbage (Brassica campestris) from fortified and biosolids-amended soils
复制标题
DOI：
10.1039/c2em30456b
复制
发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kinney, Chad A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holling, Cheryl S.;Bailey, Jonathon L.;Kinney, Chad A.
人类药物和个人护理产品（PPCP）通常存在于废水处理厂（WWTP）的生物固体中。一旦土地施用，生物固体中的PPCPs就有可能被植物吸收和生物累积。本研究采用温室模型研究了农业植物大白菜对生物固体中常见的PPCPs的吸收。作为该项目的一部分，进行了两个系列的温室实验。在第一组实验中，根据典型的生物固体施用率，将四种药物以环境相关浓度添加到富含有机质的土壤中，导致最终土壤浓度为2.6 ng g（-1）卡马西平，3.1 ng g（-1）磺胺甲恶唑，5.4 ng g（-1）沙丁胺醇和0.5 ng g（-1）甲氧苄啶。在第二组实验中，卷心菜生长在用来自当地污水处理厂的生物固体的农艺比率改良的土壤中。生物固体中PPCPs的环境浓度导致土壤最终浓度为93.1 ng g（-1）卡马西平、67.4 ng g（-1）磺胺甲恶唑、30.3 ng g（-1）沙丁胺醇、433.7 ng g（-1）三氯生和24.7 ng g（-1）甲氧苄啶。生长至成熟后，将植物的气顶与根分离，并分别分析两种组织类型。所有四种人用药物均在生长在用四种药物强化的土壤中的卷心菜的两种组织中检测到，中位浓度为255.4 ng g（-1）aerals和272.9 ng g（-1）roots carbamazepine; 222.8 ng g（-1）aerals和260.3 ng g（-1）roots sulfamethoxazole; 108.3 ng g（-1）的天线和140.6 ng g（-1）的根沙丁胺醇和20.6 ng g（-1）的天线和53.7 ng g（-1）的根甲氧苄氨嘧啶。虽然所有研究化合物都存在于生物固体改良的种植土壤中，但只有卡马西平（317.6 ng g（-1）aerals和416.2 ng g（-1）roots），salbuterone在甘蓝的地上部分中检测到三氯生（22.9 ng g（-1）aerals和1220.1 ng g（-1）roots）。除了在天线中检测到的研究化合物外，还在生物固体改良土壤中的一种植物的根部检测到磺胺甲恶唑。与以前许多研究中使用的PPCP浓度超过环境相关浓度相比，本研究中的植物暴露于PPCP的环境相关浓度，但导致吸收浓度类似于或高于可比研究中报告的浓度。我们认为，根际条件，特别是在种植基质中存在的溶解有机物质，可能是决定动员和生物利用度的外源性化合物，如PPCPs的关键因素之一。
Human pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are routinely found in biosolids from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Once land applied, the PPCPs in biosolids are potentially available for plant uptake and bioaccumulation. This study used a greenhouse model to investigate uptake of PPCPs commonly detected in biosolids by the agricultural plant Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris). Two series of greenhouse experiments were conducted as part of this project. In the first set of experiments, four pharmaceuticals were added to an organic matter-rich soil in environmentally relevant concentrations based on typical biosolids application rates, resulting in final soil concentrations of 2.6 ng g(-1) carbamazepine, 3.1 ng g(-1) sulfamethoxazole, 5.4 ng g(-1) salbutamol, and 0.5 ng g(-1) trimethoprim. In the second set of experiments, the cabbage was grown in soil amended with an agronomic rate of biosolids from a local WWTP. The ambient concentration of PPCPs in the biosolids resulted in final soil concentrations of 93.1 ng g(-1) carbamazepine, 67.4 ng g(-1) sulfamethoxazole, 30.3 ng g(-1) salbutamol, 433.7 ng g(-1) triclosan, and 24.7 ng g(-1) trimethoprim. After growing to maturity, the aerials of the plants were separated from roots and the two tissue types were analyzed separately. All four human pharmaceuticals were detected in both tissues in the cabbage grown in the soil fortified with the four pharmaceuticals with median concentrations of 255.4 ng g(-1) aerials and 272.9 ng g(-1) roots carbamazepine; 222.8 ng g(-1) aerials and 260.3 ng g(-1) roots sulfamethoxazole; 108.3 ng g(-1) aerials and 140.6 ng g(-1) roots salbutamol; and 20.6 ng g(-1) aerials and 53.7 ng g(-1) roots trimethoprim. Although all study compounds were present in the biosolids-amended planting soil, only carbamazepine (317.6 ng g(-1) aerials and 416.2 ng g(-1) roots), salbutamol (21.2 ng g(-1) aerials and 187.6 ng g(-1) roots), and triclosan (22.9 ng g(-1) aerials and 1220.1 ng g(-1) roots) were detected in the aerials of the cabbage. In addition to the study compounds detected in the aerials, sulfamethoxazole was detected in the roots of one of the plants in the biosolid-amended soil. In comparison to many previous studies that have utilized PPCP concentration that exceed environmentally relevant concentrations, plants in this study were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of the PPCPs, yet resulted in uptake concentrations similar to or greater than those reported in comparable studies. We suggest that rhizosphere conditions, particularly the presence of dissolved organicmatter in the planting matrix, might be one of the critical factors determining mobilization and bioavailability of xenobiotic compounds such as PPCPs.