Chicken embryo NAD levels lowered by teratogenic organophosphorus and methylcarbamate insecticides.
Chicken embryo NAD levels lowered by teratogenic organophosphorus and methylcarbamate insecticides.
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致畸有机磷和氨基甲酸甲酯杀虫剂降低鸡胚 NAD 水平。
DOI：
10.1016/0006-2952(76)90142-8
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发表时间：
1976
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
J. Casida
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. H. Proctor;A. Moscioni;J. Casida
许多有机磷（OP）和氨基甲酸甲酯（MC）杀虫剂及相关化合物。当在孵育第4天注射到卵黄囊中时，在孵育第12天显著降低鸡胚NAD水平。同样的化合物也会产生严重的发育缺陷。提示NAD水平降低可能是致畸作用的原因。在这些测试的有机磷化合物中，最有效的有机磷化合物是二嗪农和敌百虫，作用剂量为0.1和1毫克/千克。而MC化合物则为七叶皂苷硫酸盐和西维因。分别在1和4 mg/kg时有效。注射烟酰胺和其他NAD前体可防止NAD水平下降，并消除大多数致畸迹象。以前的假说，包括有关卵黄囊膜酯酶的抑制胚胎异常，是不太令人满意的或不足以解释这种类型的化学诱导致畸。尚待确定的领域是导致鸡胚NAD水平降低的生化病变以及这些发现与哺乳动物的相关性。
Many organophosphorus (OP) and methylcarbamate (MC ) insecticides and related compounds. when injected into the yolk sac on day 4 of incubation, markedly lower chicken embryo NAD levels at day 12 of incubation. The same compounds also produce drastic developmental defects. suggesting that the lowered level of NAD may be the cause of teratogenesis. The most potent OP compounds of those tested are diazinon and dicrotophos acting at 0.1 and 1 mg/kg. respectively, while the MC compounds, escrine sulfate and carbaryl. are effective at 1 and 4 mg/kg respectively. The injection of nicotinamide and other NAD precursors prevents the decrease in NAD levels and alleviates most of the teratogenic signs. Previous hypotheses, including that relating the inhibition of yolk sac membrane esterases to embryonic abnormalities, are less satisfactory or are inadequate to explain this type of chemically induced teratogenesis. Areas remaining to be defined are the biochemical lesion leading to decreased chicken embryo NAD levels and the relevance of these findings to mammals.