Forest Structure and Fire Hazard in Dry Forests of the Western United States
Forest Structure and Fire Hazard in Dry Forests of the Western United States
复制标题
美国西部干旱森林的森林结构和火灾危险
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Reinhardt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Peterson;Morris C. Johnson;J. Agee;Theresa B Jain;D. McKenzie;E. Reinhardt
Peterson，大卫L.;约翰逊，莫里斯C; Agee，James K.; Jain，Theresa B.;作者声明：McKenzie，Donald; Reinhardt，Elizabeth D. 2005.美国西部干旱森林的森林结构和火灾危险。将军技术代表PNW-GTR-628。波特兰，OR：美国农业部，林业局，太平洋西北研究站。30 p.火灾与地貌和气候一起，塑造了整个美国西部森林的结构和功能，由于各种形式的防火措施，数百万英亩的林地积聚了比历史条件高得多的易燃燃料。《健康森林恢复法》要求公共土地管理者通过积极管理燃料和植被来果断处理这一问题。本文件综合了相关的科学知识，可以帮助国家森林和其他公共土地上的燃料处理项目，并有助于国家环境政策法（NEPA）的分析和其他评估。其目的是支持美国西部干旱森林燃料管理的科学决策，其规模为林分（约1至200英亩）。它强调了在管理森林燃料和植被以适应与森林结构和火灾有关的具体条件时需要考虑的生态原则。它还通过各种造林处方和表面燃料处理，为规划和实施燃料处理提供了定量和定性准则。在可燃物积累量高的林分中，有效的可燃物处理通常需要间伐，以增加林冠基部高度，降低林冠体积密度，减少林冠连续性，并需要通过规定的火或机械处理或两者兼而有之，大幅减少地表可燃物。长期保持所需的燃料装载量并考虑更广泛的景观格局，可提高燃料处理的有效性。
Peterson, David L.; Johnson, Morris C.; Agee, James K.; Jain, Theresa B.; McKenzie, Donald; Reinhardt, Elizabeth D. 2005. Forest structure and fire hazard in dry forests of the Western United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-628. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 30 p. Fire, in conjunction with landforms and climate, shapes the structure and function of forests throughout the Western United States, where millions of acres of forest lands contain accumulations of flammable fuel that are much higher than historical conditions owing to various forms of fire exclusion. The Healthy Forests Restoration Act mandates that public land managers assertively address this situation through active management of fuel and vegetation. This document synthesizes the relevant scientific knowledge that can assist fuel-treatment projects on national forests and other public lands and contribute to National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analyses and other assessments. It is intended to support science-based decisionmaking for fuel management in dry forests of the Western United States at the scale of forest stands (about 1 to 200 acres). It highlights ecological principles that need to be considered when managing forest fuel and vegetation for specific conditions related to forest structure and fire hazard. It also provides quantitative and qualitative guidelines for planning and implementing fuel treatments through various silvicultural prescriptions and surfacefuel treatments. Effective fuel treatments in forest stands with high fuel accumulations will typically require thinning to increase canopy base height, reduce canopy bulk density, reduce canopy continuity, and require a substantial reduction in surface fuel through prescribed fire or mechanical treatment or both. Long-term maintenance of desired fuel loadings and consideration of broader landscape patterns may improve the effectiveness of fuel treatments.