Assessing Drinking Water Quality and Water Safety Management in Sub-Saharan Africa Using Regulated Monitoring Data
Assessing Drinking Water Quality and Water Safety Management in Sub-Saharan Africa Using Regulated Monitoring Data
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.6b02707
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发表时间：
2016-10-18
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Khush, Ranjiv
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kumpel, Emily;Peletz, Rachel;Khush, Ranjiv
普及安全饮用水是2015年后可持续发展目标的优先事项。然而，在资源匮乏的环境中收集可靠和可操作的水质信息是具有挑战性的，而且人们对地方监测机构收集的水质数据与全球水安全框架之间的对应关系知之甚少。用42吗?从撒哈拉以南非洲7个国家的32个监测机构和供水机构获得的926个微生物水质测试结果中，我们确定了水源的监测程度、水源类型对水质的影响以及机构对结果的反应。尽管大多数非洲人依赖非管道水源，但64%的水样是从管道供应中收集的。与任何其他来源类型相比，管道供应的粪便指示细菌（FIB）水平最低：只有4%的管道供水样本和2%的从管道供水到公共水龙头/立管的样本FIB阳性(n = 14？948 n = 12？278年,分别)。在其他类型的改良水源中，收集雨水和钻孔的样本FIB阳性（分别为22%，n = 167和31%，n = 3329）低于保护泉水或保护挖井（39%,n = 472和65%，n = 505）。当汇总来自不同环境的数据时，不同来源类型的FIB水平大致反映了联合监测方案使用的来源类型水安全框架。然而，对非管道源的使用测试不足表明，目前的评估存在重大差距。我们的研究结果强调了当地数据收集对于水安全管理和衡量普遍安全饮用水获取进展的重要性。
Universal access to safe drinking water is prioritized in the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals. Collecting reliable and actionable water quality information in low-resource settings, however, is challenging, and little is known about the correspondence between water quality data collected by local monitoring agencies and global frameworks for water safety. Using 42?926 microbial water quality test results from 32 surveillance agencies and water suppliers in seven sub-Saharan African countries, we determined the degree to which water sources were monitored, how water quality varied by source type, and institutional responses to results. Sixty-four percent of the water samples were collected from piped supplies, although the majority of Africans rely on nonpiped sources. Piped supplies had the lowest levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) compared to any other source type: only 4% of samples of water piped to plots and 2% of samples from water piped to public taps/standpipes were positive for FIB (n = 14?948 and n = 12?278, respectively). Among other types of improved sources, samples from harvested rainwater and boreholes were less often positive for FIB (22%, n = 167 and 31%, n = 3329, respectively) than protected springs or protected dug wells (39%, n = 472 and 65%, n = 505). When data from different settings were aggregated, the FIB levels in different source types broadly reflected the source-type water safety framework used by the Joint Monitoring Programme. However, the insufficient testing of nonpiped sources relative to their use indicates important gaps in current assessments. Our results emphasize the importance of local data collection for water safety management and measurement of progress toward universal safe drinking water access.