Evolutionary Aspects of Diverse Microbial Exposures and Mental Health: Focus on "Old Friends" and Stress Resilience.
Evolutionary Aspects of Diverse Microbial Exposures and Mental Health: Focus on "Old Friends" and Stress Resilience.
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DOI：
10.1007/7854_2022_385
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lowry, Christopher A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dawud, Lamya'a M;Holbrook, Evan M;Lowry, Christopher A
二十世纪下半叶，随着社会从农村生活方式向城市生活方式的转变，包括过敏、哮喘和自身免疫性疾病在内的炎症性疾病的患病率有所增加。人们提出了许多假说来解释现代城市社会中炎症性疾病日益流行的原因，包括卫生假说和“老朋友”假说。 2008年，Rook和Lowry提出，基于炎症增加是与压力相关的精神疾病的危险因素的证据，卫生假说或“老朋友”假说可能与精神疾病有关。从那时起，越来越清楚的是，慢性低度炎症是与压力相关的精神疾病的危险因素，包括焦虑症、情绪障碍以及创伤和压力源相关疾病，例如创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。现在的证据表明，与在靠近农场动物的农村环境中长大的人相比，在现代城市环境中长大而没有日常接触宠物的人对心理社会压力的全身炎症反应更严重。在这里，我们考虑生活在现代城市环境中的人炎症增加的可能性是由于免疫调节的失败，即调节性 T 细胞和效应 T 细胞的平衡表达，已知这依赖于微生物信号。我们强调的证据表明，可以驱动免疫调节的微生物信号来自系统发育上不同的分类群，但具有菌株特异性。最后，我们重点介绍母牛分枝杆菌 NCTC 11659，这是一种具有抗炎和免疫调节特性的土壤细菌，作为案例研究如何将单一细菌菌株用于心理神经免疫学方法来预防和治疗与压力相关的精神疾病。
The prevalence of inflammatory disease conditions, including allergies, asthma, and autoimmune disorders, increased during the latter half of the twentieth century, as societies transitioned from rural to urban lifestyles. A number of hypotheses have been put forward to explain the increasing prevalence of inflammatory disease in modern urban societies, including the hygiene hypothesis and the “Old Friends” hypothesis. In 2008, Rook and Lowry proposed, based on the evidence that increased inflammation was a risk factor for stress-related psychiatric disorders, that the hygiene hypothesis or “Old Friends” hypothesis may be relevant to psychiatric disorders. Since then, it has become more clear that chronic low-grade inflammation is a risk factor for stress-related psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Evidence now indicates that persons raised in modern urban environments without daily contact with pets, relative to persons raised in rural environments in proximity to farm animals, respond with greater systemic inflammation to psychosocial stress. Here we consider the possibility that increased inflammation in persons living in modern urban environments is due to a failure of immunoregulation, i.e., a balanced expression of regulatory and effector T cells, which is known to be dependent on microbial signals. We highlight evidence that microbial signals that can drive immunoregulation arise from phylogenetically diverse taxa but are strain specific. Finally, we highlight Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, a soil-derived bacterium with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, as a case study of how single strains of bacteria might be used in a psychoneuroimmunologic approach for prevention and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders.