In the eye of the beholder: Perceptions of neighborhood adversity and psychotic experiences in adolescence
In the eye of the beholder: Perceptions of neighborhood adversity and psychotic experiences in adolescence
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579417001420
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Fisher, Helen L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newbury, Joanne B.;Arseneault, Louise;Fisher, Helen L.
青春期的精神病经历会增加成年后患精神分裂症和其他严重精神疾病的风险。越来越多的证据表明，城市和不利的邻里条件是青少年精神病经历的原因，但年轻人个人对邻里障碍(即，身体和社会威胁的迹象)的看法所起的作用尚不清楚。这一点是使用环境风险纵向双胞胎研究的数据进行的，该研究是具有全国代表性的2232对英国双胞胎出生队列。参与者在18岁时接受了关于精神病现象和对社区障碍的看法的采访。多层次的、纵向的和遗传敏感的分析调查了邻里障碍知觉和青少年精神病经历之间的联系。即使在考虑了客观/独立测量的犯罪和障碍水平、社区和家庭层面的社会经济状况、家庭精神病史、青少年物质和情绪问题以及童年精神病症状后，感觉到邻里障碍水平较高的青少年明显更有可能有精神病经历：优势比=1.62，95%可信区间[1.27，2.05]，p<；.001。青少年的精神病经历和邻里障碍的认知之间的表型重叠被解释为重叠的共同环境影响，RC=0.88，95%可信区间[0.26，1.00]。研究结果表明，预防青少年精神病经历的早期心理干预应该探索年轻人(可能可以改变的)对周围威胁条件的看法所起的作用。
Adolescent psychotic experiences increase risk for schizophrenia and other severe psychopathology in adulthood. Converging evidence implicates urban and adverse neighborhood conditions in the etiology of adolescent psychotic experiences, but the role of young people's personal perceptions of disorder (i.e., physical and social signs of threat) in their neighborhood is unknown. This was examined using data from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative birth cohort of 2,232 British twins. Participants were interviewed at age 18 about psychotic phenomena and perceptions of disorder in the neighborhood. Multilevel, longitudinal, and genetically sensitive analyses investigated the association between perceptions of neighborhood disorder and adolescent psychotic experiences. Adolescents who perceived higher levels of neighborhood disorder were significantly more likely to have psychotic experiences, even after accounting for objectively/independently measured levels of crime and disorder, neighborhood- and family-level socioeconomic status, family psychiatric history, adolescent substance and mood problems, and childhood psychotic symptoms: odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [1.27, 2.05], p < .001. The phenotypic overlap between adolescent psychotic experiences and perceptions of neighborhood disorder was explained by overlapping common environmental influences, rC = .88, 95% confidence interval [0.26, 1.00]. Findings suggest that early psychological interventions to prevent adolescent psychotic experiences should explore the role of young people's (potentially modifiable) perceptions of threatening neighborhood conditions.