Development of mental health first aid guidelines on how a member of the public can support a person affected by a traumatic event: a Delphi study
Development of mental health first aid guidelines on how a member of the public can support a person affected by a traumatic event: a Delphi study
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-244x-10-49
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发表时间：
2010-06-21
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Kitchener, Betty A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelly, Claire M.;Jorm, Anthony F.;Kitchener, Betty A.
背景：经历过创伤性事件的人患一系列精神障碍的风险增加。公众人士，不论是朋友、家人、同事或义工，及早给予适当的支持，有助预防精神障碍的发作，或减低其严重程度。然而，很少有人具备协助所需的知识和技能。简单的指引可帮助市民在需要时提供适当的支援。方法：采用德尔菲法制定指南，在专家组中达成共识。专家组招募的专家包括37名在创伤领域从事写作、计划或临床工作的专业人士，以及17名受到创伤事件影响的消费者或护理人员倡导者。作为小组考虑的输入，关于如何帮助经历创伤性事件的人的陈述是通过系统地搜索专业和非专业文献来获取的。这些陈述被用来编制关于帮助成人和帮助儿童的可能方法的单独问卷，小组成员根据经验和专业知识回答一份问卷或两份问卷。该指导方针是使用经过三次德尔菲轮次的专家组最一致认可的项目编写的。结果：涉及帮助成人的条目180项，其中65项被接受；涉及帮助儿童的条目155项，其中71项被接受。这些陈述被用来制定本文所附的两套准则。结论：当公众遇到经历过创伤性事件的人时，有一些行动可能对他们有用，这些行动可能有助于防止将来出现一些心理健康问题。积极的社会支持是这些指导方针的一个重要主题，有一些证据表明，积极的社会支持对经历过创伤事件的人发展精神健康问题是有效的，但它的帮助程度尚未得到充分证明。对这些准则的有效性进行评价将有助于确定其价值。这些指导方针可能对希望制定或修订心理健康急救和创伤干预培训计划和政策课程的组织有用。对于想要立即了解如何帮助经历了潜在创伤事件的人的公众成员来说，它们也可能很有用。
Background: People who experience traumatic events have an increased risk of developing a range of mental disorders. Appropriate early support from a member of the public, whether a friend, family member, co-worker or volunteer, may help to prevent the onset of a mental disorder or may minimise its severity. However, few people have the knowledge and skills required to assist. Simple guidelines may help members of the public to offer appropriate support when it is needed.Methods: Guidelines were developed using the Delphi method to reach consensus in a panel of experts. Experts recruited to the panels included 37 professionals writing, planning or working clinically in the trauma area, and 17 consumer or carer advocates who had been affected by traumatic events. As input for the panels to consider, statements about how to assist someone who has experienced a traumatic event were sourced through a systematic search of both professional and lay literature. These statements were used to develop separate questionnaires about possible ways to assist adults and to assist children, and panel members answered either one questionnaire or both, depending on experience and expertise. The guidelines were written using the items most consistently endorsed by the panels across the three Delphi rounds.Results: There were 180 items relating to helping adults, of which 65 were accepted, and 155 items relating to helping children, of which 71 were accepted. These statements were used to develop the two sets of guidelines appended to this paper.Conclusions: There are a number of actions which may be useful for members of the public when they encounter someone who has experienced a traumatic event, and it is possible that these actions may help prevent the development of some mental health problems in the future. Positive social support, a strong theme in these guidelines, has some evidence for effectiveness in developing mental health problems in people who have experienced traumatic events, but the degree to which it helps has not yet been adequately demonstrated. An evaluation of the effectiveness of these guidelines would be useful in determining their value. These guidelines may be useful to organisations who wish to develop or revise curricula of mental health first aid and trauma intervention training programs and policies. They may also be useful for members of the public who want immediate information about how to assist someone who has experienced a potentially traumatic event.