THE GENETICAL ARCHITECTURE OF HETEROSTYLY IN PRIMULA-SINENSIS
THE GENETICAL ARCHITECTURE OF HETEROSTYLY IN PRIMULA-SINENSIS
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DOI：
10.2307/2405601
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发表时间：
1950-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
MATHER, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MATHER, K
异质性涉及形态学和生理学上的六个子特征。它的正常运作是由两个等位基因S-s的单个基因控制的。该基因的其他等位基因已在一些报春属植物中发现，但在中华报春花中未发现。在中华白杨中，隐性基因a使花柱缩短，隐性基因m使花药升高。由于这些基因的作用，从基因上看，pin saM 是短同型，sAm 是长同型，sam 是假线。 “Sam”是一个超级thrum。基因a还影响柱头乳头和花柱不亲和反应；但m对花粉大小或花粉不亲和反应没有影响。中华白杨的园艺选择减弱了不亲和反应。 S-s、A-a 和 M-m 以外的基因影响花药和柱头的相对位置。基因Ch-ch影响较大，其余影响较小。针植物的自交系在同一植物的花之间表现出比其 F1 更大的变异。这种增加的发育变异是近交衰退的一种形式。异质性的子特征在发展过程中至少部分是可分离的。因此，异质性的进化必定涉及通过自然选择平衡的背景基因型的产生，以给出协调的特征复合体，其替代品共同构成异质性。异型逐渐上升和最终调整的基因物质可以在目前在中华松中追踪到的小效应基因中找到。开关基因S-s是复合的。基因a和m表明具有S-s部分特性的基因可以无组织地存在于基因型中。因此，必须选择 S-s 差异来实现其部件的机械集成。结构性变革可能在这一过程中发挥了作用。
Heterostyly involves six sub-characters, morphological and physiological. Its normal operation is controlled by a single gene of two allelomorphs, S-s. Additional allelomorphs of this gene have been found in some Primula spp., but not in P. sinensis. In P. sinensis the recessive gene a shortens the style and the recessive gene m raises the anthers. As a result of the action of these genes the genetically pin saM is a short homostyle, sAm a long homostyle and sam a pseudo-thrum. "Sam" is a super-thrum. The gene a also affects the stigmatic papillae and the stylar incompatibility reaction; but m has no effect on pollen size or the pollen incompatibility reaction. The incompatibility reactions have been weakened by horticultural selection in P. sinensis. Genes other than S-s, A-a, and M-m affect the relative positions of anthers and stigma. The gene Ch-ch has a relatively large effect, the rest small effects. Inbred lines of pin plants show more variation between flowers of the same plant than do their F1''s. Such increased developmental variation is a form of inbreeding depression. The sub-characters of heterostyly are at least partly separable in development. The evolution of heterostyly must therefore have involved the production of a background genotype balanced by natural selection to give the coordinated complex of characters whose alternatives together constitute heterostyly. Genic material for the gradual rise and ultimate adjustment of heterostyly is to be found in the genes of small effect now traced in P. sinensis. The switch gene S-s is composite. Genes a and m show that genes having the properties of the parts of S-s can exist unorganized in the genotype. The S-s difference must therefore have been selected for mechanical integration of its parts. Structural change may have played a part in this process.