Closing the oxygen mass balance in shallow coastal ecosystems

Closing the oxygen mass balance in shallow coastal ecosystems
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关闭浅海沿海生态系统中的氧气质量平衡

DOI:
10.1002/lno.11248
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
Zimmerman, Richard C.
Zimmerman, Richard C.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Long, Matthew H.;Rheuban, Jennie E.;McCorkle, Daniel C.;Burdige, David J.;Zimmerman, Richard C.

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海洋生态系统中的氧浓度受水柱中的生产和消耗以及跨越大气-水和底栖-水边界的通量的影响。由于高通量和低水量,这些通量中的每一个都有可能在浅水生态系统中发挥重要作用。这项研究评估了这三种通量在两个不同的生态系统中对氧气收支的贡献,这两个生态系统是美国弗吉尼亚州的结缕草草甸和百慕大的珊瑚礁。用涡动协方差方法估算了底栖氧通量。使用自动水孵化系统测量水柱氧气的产生和消耗。大气-水的氧通量通过基于风速或湍流动能耗散率的参数化来估计。我们观察到底栖通量和水柱过程对氧气质量平衡的显著贡献,尽管通常认为底栖群落占主导地位。浅水区(~ 1.5m)和深礁区(~ 7.5m)的水柱速率分别占总氧气速率的45%和58%,底栖通量分别占总氧气速率的23%和39%。大气-水通量在较深的礁处(3%)是次要的,而在浅海的鳗草草甸(32%)是主要的组成部分,这是由于大气-水梯度的符号和强度的日变化所驱动的。总而言之,测量的海底、大气-水和水柱速率以85%-90%的置信度预测了观察到的水柱中氧气变化的时间速率,并提供了准确的、高时间分辨率的氧气质量平衡闭合。
The oxygen concentration in marine ecosystems is influenced by production and consumption in the water column and fluxes across both the atmosphere–water and benthic–water boundaries. Each of these fluxes has the potential to be significant in shallow ecosystems due to high fluxes and low water volumes. This study evaluated the contributions of these three fluxes to the oxygen budget in two contrasting ecosystems, aZostera marina(eelgrass) meadow in Virginia, U.S.A., and a coral reef in Bermuda. Benthic oxygen fluxes were evaluated by eddy covariance. Water column oxygen production and consumption were measured using an automated water incubation system. Atmosphere–water oxygen fluxes were estimated by parameterizations based on wind speed or turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates. We observed significant contributions of both benthic fluxes and water column processes to the oxygen mass balance, despite the often‐assumed dominance of the benthic communities. Water column rates accounted for 45% and 58% of the total oxygen rate, and benthic fluxes accounted for 23% and 39% of the total oxygen rate in the shallow (~ 1.5 m) eelgrass meadow and deeper (~ 7.5 m) reef site, respectively. Atmosphere–water fluxes were a minor component at the deeper reef site (3%) but a major component at the shallow eelgrass meadow (32%), driven by diel changes in the sign and strength of atmosphere–water gradient. When summed, the measured benthic, atmosphere–water, and water column rates predicted, with 85–90% confidence, the observed time rate of change of oxygen in the water column and provided an accurate, high temporal resolution closure of the oxygen mass balance.
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发表时间: 2015
期刊: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods
影响因子: --
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