Effects of fragmentation of the Atlantic forest on mammal communities in south-eastern Brazil
Effects of fragmentation of the Atlantic forest on mammal communities in south-eastern Brazil
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DOI：
10.1016/s0006-3207(98)00130-x
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发表时间：
1999-07-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Chiarello, AG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chiarello, AG
1994年10月至1996年4月，对位于巴西东南部圣埃斯皮里图北部的六个大西洋森林保护区进行了哺乳动物普查，其中两个大型（各约20 000公顷），两个中型（各约2 000公顷）和两个小型（各约200公顷）。采用昼夜样线取样法对体重在1 ~ 1 kg之间的哺乳动物进行普查，比较6个片段中物种的相对丰度。保护区哺乳动物群落数量与森林面积密切相关，2个大保护区记录的物种数量最多，2个小保护区记录的物种数量最少。大型保护区的群落结构更为复杂，有顶级捕食者、大型陆生食果动物和大型食蜜动物。中小型保护区哺乳动物群落结构较差，群落结构不复杂。大型保护区和中型保护区哺乳动物群落以食果动物为主，而小型保护区哺乳动物群落以草食动物为主，主要表现为大型保护区没有长尾刺鼠和小型保护区长尾懒密度高。捕食者的缺乏和次级植被和藤本植物在整个小保护区的扩散可能是在那里树栖叶食性动物成功的主要原因。非法狩猎被发现减少了大部分大型陆生食果动物的遭遇率，如刺鼠、美洲刺鼠、Pecari tajacu和Tayassu Pecari以及鹿Mazama spp.，并有助于使幸存物种的数量保持在低水平。1999爱思唯尔科学有限公司版权所有。
Six Atlantic forest reserves, two large (c. 20,000 ha each), two medium-sized (c. 2,000 ha each) and two small (c. 200 ha each), located in northern Espirito Santo, south-eastern Brazil were censused for mammals from October 1994 to April 1996. Diurnal and nocturnal line-transect sampling was used for censusing mammals > 1 kg body weight, and the relative abundance of species in the six fragments was compared. The number of mammal species recorded in the reserves was strongly related to the forest area, the richest community being recorded in the two large reserves and the poorest in the two small reserves. The large reserves had a structurally more complex community, with top predators, large, terrestrial frugivores and large myrmecophages. The mammal community of the small and the medium-sized reserves was impoverished and less complex. Frugivores were numerically predominant in both large and medium-sized reserves, whereas herbivores dominated the mammal community of the small reserves, mainly through the absence of agoutis Dasyprocta leporina and the high density of maned sloth Bradypus torquatus in the two small reserves. The lack of predators and the proliferation of secondary vegetation and lianas throughout the small reserves are probably the main causes for the success of arboreal folivores there. Illegal hunting was found to reduce the encounter rates of mostly large, terrestrial frugivores such as agoutis, paces Agouti paca, peccaries Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari and deer Mazama spp., and is contributing to keep the population of the surviving species low. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.