Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Their Ligands: Metabolites in Control of Transcription.
Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Their Ligands: Metabolites in Control of Transcription.
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DOI:
10.3390/cells9122606
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发表时间:
2020-12-04
期刊:
影响因子:
6
通讯作者:
Santori FR
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tao LJ;Seo DE;Jackson B;Ivanova NB;Santori FR
Nuclear hormone receptors are a family of transcription factors regulated by small molecules derived from the endogenous metabolism or diet. There are forty-eight nuclear hormone receptors in the human genome, twenty of which are still orphans. In this review, we make a brief historical journey from the first observations by Berthold in 1849 to the era of orphan receptors that began with the sequencing of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome in 1998. We discuss the evolution of nuclear hormone receptors and the putative ancestral ligands as well as how the ligand universe has expanded over time. This leads us to define four classes of metabolites—fatty acids, terpenoids, porphyrins and amino acid derivatives—that generate all known ligands for nuclear hormone receptors. We conclude by discussing the ongoing efforts to identify new classes of ligands for orphan receptors.
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