The relationship between quotas and harvest in the alpine reindeer population on Hardangervidda, Norway
The relationship between quotas and harvest in the alpine reindeer population on Hardangervidda, Norway
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DOI：
10.1007/s10344-021-01542-x
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
A. Mysterud;H. Viljugrein;Jan Henning L’Abée Lund;S. Lund;C. Rolandsen;O. Strand
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Mysterud;H. Viljugrein;Jan Henning L’Abée Lund;S. Lund;C. Rolandsen;O. Strand
猎鹿通常是由特定性别和年龄组的配额来管理的。在如何调节配额方面存在着巨大的文化差异。在斯堪的纳维亚半岛，整个配额通常不会被射杀，这使得鹿的管理变得难以预测。然而，配额大小和人口构成对休闲猎人的收获量的影响在斯堪的纳维亚半岛进行了有限程度的实证调查。猎人们受时间和机会的限制，可能不会像经理们预期的那样对配额的变化做出反应。我们分析了1986-2019年期间，根据配额规模相对于种群规模和配额人口构成，配额填补比例的变化，涉及挪威哈当厄维达的驯鹿种群规模约为5000至15000头。我们发现，每年由猎人填补的配额比例变化很大（12-48%）。配额有时会超过估计的人口规模，但人口规模相对于配额规模越高，配额所占的比例就越高。在小牛许可证方面，由猎人填补配额的比例明显较低。猎人所占配额比例的年际变化很大，在管理人员旨在管理鹿群数量时，造成了相当大的实施不确定性。然而，配额大小和收获大小之间存在很强的相关性。面对新的管理要求，2019年实现了成年雄性种群规模约47%的采收率，而平均采收率为16%。因此，管理人员通过增加配额来达到目标收获目标来弥补配额比例低的问题，但是如何精确地利用休闲猎人来管理如此广泛的驯鹿种群仍然是有限的。
Hunting of cervids is commonly regulated by quotas that are specific to sex and age groups. There is substantial cultural variation in how quotas are regulated. In Scandinavia, the entire quotas are often not shot making deer management potentially less predictable. However, the effect of quota size and demographic composition on harvest offtake by recreational hunters has, to a limited extent, been empirically investigated in Scandinavia. Hunters are limited by time and opportunity and may not respond to changes in quota, as anticipated by managers. We analysed the variation in the proportion of quotas filled depending on quota size relative to population size and demographic composition of quotas during the period of 1986–2019 involving a population size varying from approximately 5000 to 15,000 reindeer on Hardangervidda, Norway. We found that the proportion of quota being filled by hunters varied substantially (12–48%) on an annual basis. The quota occasionally exceeded the estimated population size, but the proportion of the quota filled increased the higher the population size was relative to the quota size. The proportion of quota being filled by hunters was markedly lower for calf licences. High annual variation in the proportion of quota being filled by hunters causes considerable implementation uncertainty when managers aim to regulate cervid populations. Nevertheless, there was a strong correlation between quota size and harvest size. Facing new management requirements, a harvest rate of ~ 47% of the adult male population size was achieved in 2019, compared to an average of 16%. Hence, managers compensated for the low proportion of quota being filled by increasing quotas to reach target harvesting aims, but there remains a limit as to how precisely such a wide-ranging reindeer population can be regulated using recreational hunters.