Socioeconomic Status and Race Outperform Concussion History and Sport Participation in Predicting Collegiate Athlete Baseline Neurocognitive Scores
Socioeconomic Status and Race Outperform Concussion History and Sport Participation in Predicting Collegiate Athlete Baseline Neurocognitive Scores
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DOI：
10.1017/s1355617717000716
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Bauer, Russell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Houck, Zac;Asken, Breton;Bauer, Russell
目的：本研究的目的是评估社会经济地位（SES）和其他多变量预测因素对大学运动员基线神经认知功能的贡献。方法：数据来自脑震荡评估、研究和教育（CARE）联盟。对2014-2015和2015-2016赛季403名佛罗里达大学学生运动员（202名男性，年龄范围：18-23岁）的脑震荡后立即评估和认知测试（ImPACT）基线评估进行了分析。ImPACT综合评分合并为一个记忆和一个速度综合评分。采用层次线性回归进行分析。结果：在整个样本中，学习障碍史（beta = -0.164; p = .001）和注意缺陷多动障碍史（beta = -0.102; p = .038）分别显著预测较差的记忆和速度表现。年龄越大，速度表现越好（beta = 0.176; p < 0.001）。黑人/非裔美国人种族预测较差的记忆（beta = -0.113; p = 0.026）和速度表现（beta = - 0.242; p < 0.001）。在足球运动员中，较高的母亲SES预示着更好的记忆表现（β = 0.308; p = .007）；年龄越大，速度表现越好（beta = 0.346; p = 0.001）；而黑人/非裔美国人的速度表现较差（beta = -0.397; p < .001）。结论：基线记忆和速度得分受神经发育障碍史、年龄和种族的显著影响。具体来说，在足球运动员中，母亲的SES独立地预测了基线记忆分数，但脑震荡史和参加体育运动的时间并不能预测。在解释大学生运动员认知得分的变异性时，社会经济地位、种族和病史是重要的因素，而不是暴露于脑损伤或亚临床脑创伤。此外，在各种人口统计学变量（例如，社会经济地位和种族）的比例代表中，运动特有的差异也可能是更广泛的生物心理社会归因模型中的一个重要考虑因素。
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of socioeconomic status (SES) and other multivariate predictors to baseline neurocognitive functioning in collegiate athletes. Methods: Data were obtained from the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium. Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) baseline assessments for 403 University of Florida student-athletes (202 males; age range: 18-23) from the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 seasons were analyzed. ImPACT composite scores were consolidated into one memory and one speed composite score. Hierarchical linear regressions were used for analyses. Results: In the overall sample, history of learning disability (beta = -0.164; p = .001) and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (beta = -0.102; p = .038) significantly predicted worse memory and speed performance, respectively. Older age predicted better speed performance (beta = .176; p < .001). Black/African American race predicted worse memory (beta = -0.113; p = .026) and speed performance (beta = -.242; p < .001). In football players, higher maternal SES predicted better memory performance (beta = 0.308; p = .007); older age predicted better speed performance (beta = 0.346; p = .001); while Black/African American race predicted worse speed performance (beta = -0.397; p < .001). Conclusions: Baseline memory and speed scores are significantly influenced by history of neurodevelopmental disorder, age, and race. In football players, specifically, maternal SES independently predicted baseline memory scores, but concussion history and years exposed to sport were not predictive. SES, race, and medical history beyond exposure to brain injury or subclinical brain trauma are important factors when interpreting variability in cognitive scores among collegiate athletes. Additionally, sport-specific differences in the proportional representation of various demographic variables (e.g., SES and race) may also be an important consideration within the broader biopsychosocial attributional model.