Does working memory capacity predict cross-modally induced failures of awareness?
Does working memory capacity predict cross-modally induced failures of awareness?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.concog.2015.11.010
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Memmert, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kreitz, Carina;Furley, Philip;Memmert, Daniel
当人们将注意力集中在另一项任务上时，他们常常无法注意到意想不到的刺激。对这种现象的大多数研究都针对视觉注意力任务引起的视觉障碍（无意识盲）。然而，这种失败也发生在听力中（无意耳聋），当人们将注意力集中在另一种感觉方式的任务时，甚至可能会错过一种感觉方式的意外事件。这种跨模式的失败具有启发性，因为它们表明存在共同的、集中的资源限制。而且，这种中心限制可以通过认知能力的个体差异来预测。我们复制了早期的证据，确定了视觉任务期间的不注意耳聋和听觉任务期间的不注意失明的大量发生率。然而，个人工作记忆容量和执行主要任务的能力都无法预测这两种方式的注意。因此，认知能力的个体差异并不能预测意识的失败，即使这种失败可能是由于中央资源限制造成的。 (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
People often fail to notice unexpected stimuli when they are focusing attention on another task. Most studies of this phenomenon address visual failures induced by visual attention tasks (inattentional blindness). Yet, such failures also occur within audition (inattentional deafness), and people can even miss unexpected events in one sensory modality when focusing attention on tasks in another modality. Such cross-modal failures are revealing because they suggest the existence of a common, central resource limitation. And, such central limits might be predicted from individual differences in cognitive capacity. We replicated earlier evidence, establishing substantial rates of inattentional deafness during a visual task and inattentional blindness during an auditory task. However, neither individual working memory capacity nor the ability to perform the primary task predicted noticing in either modality. Thus, individual differences in cognitive capacity did not predict failures of awareness even though the failures presumably resulted from central resource limitations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.