Renewable energy and energy autonomy: how Indigenous peoples in Canada are shaping an energy future
Renewable energy and energy autonomy: how Indigenous peoples in Canada are shaping an energy future
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可再生能源和能源自主：加拿大原住民如何塑造能源未来
DOI：
10.1139/er-2018-0024
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
H. Castleden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robert D. Stefanelli;Chad Walker;Derek Kornelsen;Diana Lewis;Debbie Martin;J. Masuda;Chantelle Richmond;Emily J Root;H. Neufeld;H. Castleden
2015年，加拿大自由党在一个平台上组建了一个多数派联邦政府，该平台包括优先考虑与该国原住民（第一民族，因纽特人和梅蒂斯人）的国家关系，并通过从化石燃料开采转向可再生能源倡议，重新确立气候变化行动的全球领导地位。有人可能会说，解决这两个问题，促进土著-定居者和解，减缓气候变化，可以在同一个空间进行。事实上，尽管加拿大和其他地方的土著人民最近在其领土内推进了可再生能源倡议，但对这些项目是如何运作的以及可再生能源是否可以甚至应该被视为和解努力的一种手段，却很少有批判性的分析。在本文中，我们对加拿大有关土著人民参与可再生能源的文献（从1980年到2017年）进行了系统回顾，以更好地了解加拿大土著人民领导，合作和（或）参与可再生能源部门的动机和愿望。使用一系列关键词检索字符串在三个学术数据库，两个论文数据库，和灰色文献检索，我们检索文献（n = 980），进行了四个排除形式，然后主题分析纳入文献（n = 26）。我们的研究结果表明，土著人民的经验和动机各不相同，但许多人正在其领土上开发可再生能源，以摆脱殖民关系，走向能源自主，建立更可靠的能源系统，并获得清洁能源可以提供的长期经济利益。尽管在这里审查的大多数文献中看到了明显的优势，但我们建议在土著社区建立足够的动力，使支持者对可能的缺点视而不见之前，有必要在这一领域进行进一步的研究。最后，我们更广泛地讨论了土著-定居者和解在可再生能源项目背景下的相互作用，并为未来的研究提供了指标，以填补目前的知识空白。
In 2015, the Liberal Party of Canada formed a majority federal government on a platform that included prioritizing Nation-to-Nation relationships with Indigenous (First Nations, Inuit, and Métis) peoples in the country and re-asserting global leadership in climate change action by moving away from fossil-fuel based extraction and toward renewable energy initiatives. It may be argued that addressing both of these issues, advancing Indigenous–Settler reconciliation, and mitigating climate change, can be done in the same space. Indeed, though Indigenous peoples in Canada and elsewhere have recently moved forward with renewable energy initiatives within their Territories, there has been very little critical analysis on just how such projects have been operationalized and whether renewable energy can or even should be considered a vehicle for reconciliation efforts. In this paper, we present a systematic review of Canadian literature (spanning from 1980 to 2017) concerning Indigenous peoples’ involvement in renewable energy to better understand the stated motivations and desires of Indigenous peoples in Canada taking leadership, partnering in, and (or) participating in the renewable energy sector. Using a series of keyword search strings across three academic databases, two theses databases, and a grey literature search, we retrieved literature (n = 980) that was subjected to four exclusionary forms and then thematically analyzed the included literature (n = 26). Our findings suggest Indigenous peoples’ experiences and motivations are varied, yet many are developing renewable energy in their Territories to: break free of colonial ties, move towards energy autonomy, establish more reliable energy systems, and reap the long-term financial benefits that clean energy can provide. Despite the apparent advantages seen throughout most of the literature reviewed here, we suggest further research in this area is necessary before this kind of positive rhetoric of renewable energy in Indigenous communities builds enough momentum that proponents become blind to possible shortcomings. We conclude with a broader discussion of the interactions between Indigenous–Settler reconciliation in the context of renewable energy projects as well as offering indicators for future research to fill current knowledge gaps.