Food, Water, and Scarcity
Food, Water, and Scarcity
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DOI：
10.1086/677311
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发表时间：
2014-07
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Amber Wutich;A. Brewis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amber Wutich;A. Brewis
食物和水短缺是人类在下个世纪面临的两个最大挑战。虽然我们对人类如何变得容易遭受饥饿和应对饥饿的理论理解相对发达，但对水领域平行问题的人类学研究有限。通过仔细考虑从食品文献中得出的与水的已知相反的成熟命题，我们在这篇文章中的目标是推进对资源不安全的更广泛的人类学的识别、理论和测试。我们的分析集中在(1)社区层面的资源不安全的原因，(2)家庭层面对资源不安全的“应对”反应，以及(3)个人层面的不安全对情绪健康和心理健康的影响。根据我们的发现，我们认为，人类在粮食和水不安全方面的经历非常相似，足以促进关于资源不安全的更广泛的理论，包括家庭和个人如何应对。粮食不安全和水不安全之间也有重要区别，包括结构性因素(如市场)在造成社区一级脆弱性方面的作用。这些表明，食物和水的不安全也可能导致家庭斗争和独立道路上的个人痛苦。
Food and water shortages are two of the greatest challenges facing humans in the coming century. While our theoretical understanding of how humans become vulnerable to and cope with hunger is relatively well developed, anthropological research on parallel problems in the water domain is limited. By carefully considering well-established propositions derived from the food literature against what is known about water, our goal in this essay is to advance identifying, theorizing, and testing a broader anthropology of resource insecurity. Our analysis focuses on (1) the causes of resource insecurity at the community level, (2) “coping” responses to resource insecurity at the household level, and (3) the effect of insecurity on emotional well-being and mental health at the individual level. Based on our findings, we argue that human experiences of food and water insecurity are sufficiently similar to facilitate a broader theory of resource insecurity, including in how households and individuals cope. There are also important differences between food and water insecurity, including the role of structural factors (such as markets) in creating community-level vulnerabilities. These suggest food and water insecurity may also produce household struggles and individual suffering along independent pathways.