Changes in food access by mestizo communities associated with deforestation and agrobiodiversity loss in Ucayali, Peruvian Amazon
Changes in food access by mestizo communities associated with deforestation and agrobiodiversity loss in Ucayali, Peruvian Amazon
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DOI：
10.1007/s12571-020-01022-1
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发表时间：
2020-04-14
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Quintero, Marcela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blundo-Canto, Genowefa;Cruz-Garcia, Gisella S.;Quintero, Marcela
很少有纵向研究将农村景观中的农业生物多样性、土地利用和粮食获取联系起来。在本文中，我们检验了这样一个假设，即在经济变化的背景下，经济作物的扩张与森林砍伐、农业生物多样性减少和粮食获取变化有关。为此，我们分析了2000年和2015年从秘鲁乌卡亚利的53个高地和洪泛区混血人家庭收集的数据。我们发现，随着森林覆盖的减少和农业生物多样性的减少，粮食获取的多样性正在出现转变。与2000年相比，2015年的饮食似乎依赖更少的食品类别、更少的食品项目和越来越多的市场上购买的产品。野生水果和植物被提及，但很少食用。随着向商业作物的转变，农业生产系统变得更加专业化。15年期间的森林砍伐高峰期似乎与农业扩张的激励措施有关。我们的研究结果表明，总体趋势是从多样化的生产和“采掘”系统以及更多样化的粮食获取，向专业化的生产系统发展，粮食获取的多样性减少，市场导向（生产和消费）增强。我们对粮食获取、农业生物多样性、土地利用和森林覆盖的综合分析对粮食和农业科学中增加收入和市场导向与改善粮食安全有关的假设提出了挑战。我们的研究结果突出了纵向、多维、系统分析的重要性，对土地利用、粮食和卫生政策具有重大影响。饮食和农业生产系统平行同质化的潜在风险需要跨学科研究和政策，以促进可持续和包容性粮食系统的综合景观方法。
Few longitudinal studies link agricultural biodiversity, land use and food access in rural landscapes. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that, in a context of economic change, cash crop expansion is associated with deforestation, reduced agrobiodiversity and changes in food access. For this purpose, we analysed data collected from the same 53 upland and floodplain mestizo households in Ucayali, Peru, in 2000 and 2015. We found an emerging transition towards less diversified food access coupled with loss of forest cover and reduced agricultural biodiversity. In 2015, diets appeared to rely on fewer food groups, fewer food items, and on products increasingly purchased in the market compared to 2000. Wild fruits and plants were mentioned, but rarely consumed. Agricultural production systems became more specialised with a shift towards commercial crops. Peak deforestation years in the 15-year period appeared linked with incentives for agricultural expansion. Our results suggest an overall trend from diversified productive and "extractive" systems and more diverse food access, towards specialized productive systems, with less diverse food access and stronger market orientation (both in production and consumption). The assumption in the food and agricultural sciences that increased income and market-orientation is linked to improved food security, is challenged by our integrated analyses of food access, agrobiodiversity, land use and forest cover. Our results highlight the importance of longitudinal, multidimensional, systemic analyses, with major implications for land use, food and health policies. The potential risks of parallel homogenisation of diets and agricultural production systems require interdisciplinary research and policies that promote integrated landscape approaches for sustainable and inclusive food systems.