Subjective effects of the nicotine lozenge: assessment of abuse liability
Subjective effects of the nicotine lozenge: assessment of abuse liability
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-002-1361-2
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发表时间：
2003-04-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Stitzer, ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Houtsmuller, EJ;Henningfield, JE;Stitzer, ML
依据：尼古丁含片是一种新型戒烟辅助药物。滥用倾向，在这种情况下是指不对烟草上瘾的新手使用，由于尼古丁吸收途径相对缓慢，预计含片的滥用倾向可能较低。然而，其与商业销售的锭剂的相似性及其适口性，旨在增加药物依从性，可能会增加其滥用倾向，特别是在年轻人中。目的：评价尼古丁含片的滥用倾向。还测量了锭剂对香烟渴望的影响。研究方法：在健康成年吸烟者（n=12，22-55岁）中测试尼古丁含片的主观和生理效应;还包括一组年轻受试者（n=12，18-21岁），以评估含片在年轻人中的滥用倾向。研究条件中包括安非他明和糖果锭剂，分别作为滥用倾向和适口性的阳性对照，并包括尼古丁口香糖，以与市售的低滥用倾向口服尼古丁替代产品进行比较。结果如下：尼古丁含片并没有增加传统的滥用倾向预测因子的评分（良好效果，类似效果，ARCI的MBG量表），而安非他明显著增加了这些指标的评分。戒烟70分钟后，含片剂量依赖性地降低了对香烟的渴望，但仅限于老年组。锭剂的适口性被评定为低于糖食锭剂，但不低于尼古丁薄荷口香糖。结论：结果表明，尼古丁含片具有较低的滥用倾向，无论是在成年人和年轻人。含片可以减少对吸烟的渴望，尽管减少渴望可能不适用于年轻人（18-21岁）。含片的主观效果与作为戒烟辅助剂的效用一致，并且与尼古丁咀嚼胶相当。
Rationale: A nicotine lozenge was developed as a novel smoking cessation aid. Abuse liability, which in this context refers to use by novices not addicted to tobacco, may be expected to be low for the lozenge due to the relatively slow route of nicotine absorption. However, its resemblance to commercially marketed lozenges and its palatability, intended to increase medication compliance, may increase its abuse liability, especially among younger individuals. Objectives: The present study evaluated the abuse liability of the nicotine lozenge. Effects of the lozenge on cigarette craving were also measured. Methods: Subjective and physiological effects of the nicotine lozenge were tested in healthy adult smokers (n=12, 22-55 years old); a group of younger subjects (n=12, 18-21 years) was also included to allow for assessment of abuse liability of the lozenge in young adults specifically. Amphetamine and a confectionery lozenge were included in the study conditions as positive controls for abuse liability and palatability, respectively, and nicotine gum was included to allow for comparison with a marketed oral nicotine replacement product with low abuse liability. Results: The nicotine lozenge did not increase ratings of traditional abuse liability predictors (good effect, like effect, MBG scale of the ARCI), while amphetamine significantly increased ratings on these measures. The lozenge dose dependently decreased craving for cigarettes after 70 min of abstinence, but only in the older group. Palatability of the lozenge was rated lower than a confectionery lozenge, but not lower than nicotine mint gum. Conclusions: Results suggest that the nicotine lozenge has low abuse liability, both in adults and young adults. The lozenge reduces craving to smoke, although craving reduction may not apply to young adults (18-21 years). Subjective effects of the lozenge are consistent with utility as a smoking cessation aid and are comparable to those of nicotine gum.