HUMIDITY, NECTAR AND INSECT VISITS TO FLOWERS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CRATAEGUS, TILIA AND ECHIUM
HUMIDITY, NECTAR AND INSECT VISITS TO FLOWERS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CRATAEGUS, TILIA AND ECHIUM
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2311.1979.tb00557.x
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
PRYSJONES, OE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CORBET, SA;UNWIN, DM;PRYSJONES, OE
本文叙述了在野外对天南星属、椴树属和蓝蓟属花蜜的昼夜变化与小气候和昆虫访问的关系的观察。花蜜浓度与环境相对湿度高度相关。花蜜的浓缩特性与纯糖溶液的浓缩特性不同，这可能是由于小气候或化学效应。花内的微气候可能会影响花蜜的平衡速率，空气的相对湿度或平衡浓度本身。花蜜的蒸气压关系可能受到具有低r/P值的组分的存在的影响（即，对于折射率r的小变化，溶液中的溶质显示出蒸气压P的相对大的降低）。这些成分可能是由花蜜中的微生物释放出来的。每朵花的糖量取决于分泌和重吸收的相对速率。研究的花显示出早晚分泌高峰的证据;在山楂中，大量的糖在中午左右被隔离。熊蜂访问椴树和蓝蓟花的模式可能与花蜜中糖浓度的变化有关。对于拜访Tilia的大黄蜂来说，热量奖励可能并不受限制。
Field observations on diel changes in the nectars of Crataegus, Tilia and Echium in relation to microclimate and insect visits are described. Nectar concentration is highly correlated with ambient relative humidity. The concentrative properties of the nectars differ from those of pure sugar solutions in ways that could be due to microclimate or chemical effects. The microclimate inside flowers may influence the rate of equilibration of nectar with the relative humidity of the air or the equilibrium concentration itself. The vapor pressure relationships of nectars may be influenced by the presence of components with low r/P values (i.e., solutes which in solution show a relatively large lowering of vapor pressure, P, for a small change in refraction, r). Such components might be released by microorganisms in the nectar. The quantity of sugar per flower depends on the relative rates of secretion and reabsorption, among other things. The flowers studied showed evidence for morning and evening peaks of secretion; in Crataegus substantial quantities of sugar were sequestered around midday. The pattern of visits by bumblebees to the flowers of Tilia and Echium can be related to the changing concentration of sugar in the nectar. Caloric reward was probably not limiting for bumblebees visiting Tilia.