Water-level change recorded in Lake Pac Chen Quintana Roo, Mexico infers connection with the aquifer and response to Holocene sea-level rise and Classic Maya droughts
Water-level change recorded in Lake Pac Chen Quintana Roo, Mexico infers connection with the aquifer and response to Holocene sea-level rise and Classic Maya droughts
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墨西哥金塔纳罗奥州帕克陈湖记录的水位变化推断与含水层的联系以及对全新世海平面上升和经典玛雅干旱的反应
DOI：
10.1007/s10933-019-00094-0
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
van Hengstum, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krywy-Janzen, Anya;Reinhardt, Eduard;McNeill-Jewer, Chelsi;Coutino, Aaron;Waltham, Brenda;Stastna, Marek;Rissolo, Dominique;Meacham, Sam;van Hengstum, Peter
Pac Chen湖位于墨西哥尤卡坦半岛，距离海岸42 公里，距科巴东北22 公里。沿一条深度断面的4个沉积岩芯记录了东部深盆(25 岩芯)和浅缘(PC2-4岩心，0.25-5 mm深度)的演化过程。Pc1通过岩性(有机到碳酸盐)和地球化学(μxrf；减少的钛、铁、钾和钙)随着沉积物堆积量的减少(~ 0.2927~0.0343 cm/年−1)的变化，显示了水位上升和浅部边缘(2.81.8亿kA)的泛滥的影响。这一沉积变化与PC2和PC4的基本年龄相匹配，分别为2.5和1.8亿ka，表明水位上升和浅坡边缘的洪水泛滥，这在全新世海平面上升的估计范围内，从而表明与含水层有关。与含水层有关的确凿证据来自水位监测(每隔30分钟；2018年12月12日至2019年6月6日6个月)，显示半日潮汐波动(1-1.5厘米)。干旱已经被彻底讨论为经典玛雅衰落的支持者，推断湖泊与含水层隔离，并经历水位下降。然而，在经典的玛雅干旱期间，Pac Chen的湖泊水位下降幅度很小，而且没有证据表明我们的湖缘地层中的水位下降(PC2-4)。2016年3月测量的水团特征(温度、电导率)表明与含水层有一定的水文隔离。这种隔离将允许记录环境变化，但也可能随着湖水泛滥的进展而改变。然而，浅缘孔PC4记录了K和Fe在~ 1100年至975年和925~875年BP之间的几次快速下降，我们将其解释为降雨量和径流量减少时陆源风化输入的减少。这些时期与经典玛雅干旱(1200-850年BP)的其他区域古气候记录(湖泊和洞穴)是一致的。
Pac Chen Lake is located on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico and is ~ 42 km from the coast and ~ 22 km NE of Coba. It has an area of ~ 36,735 m2and maximum depth of 25 m. Four sediment cores along a depth transect provide a 4-ka record of the evolution of the eastern deep basin (core PC1 at 25 m depth) and the shallow margin (cores PC2–4 at 0.25–5 m depth). PC1 shows the effect of water-level rise and flooding of the shallow margin (2.8–1.8 ka) through a lithological (organic to carbonate) and geochemical (μXRF; decreased Ti, Fe, K and Ca) change along with a reduction in sediment accumulation (~ 0.2927 to 0.0343 cm year−1). This change in sedimentation matches basal ages of PC2 and PC4 at 2.5 and 1.8 ka respectively, indicating water-level rise and flooding of the shallowly sloped margin which is within estimates of Holocene sea-level rise thus indicating connection with the aquifer. Corroborating evidence for connection with the aquifer comes from water-level monitoring (30 min intervals; 6 months December 12, 2018 to June 6, 2019) which shows a semi-diurnal tidal fluctuation (1–1.5 cm). Droughts have been thoroughly discussed as a proponent of the decline of the Classic Maya, with lakes being inferred to be isolated from the aquifer and experiencing water level drawdown. However, during the Classic Maya droughts lake drawdown in Pac Chen would be minimal, and there is no evidence of a water level drop in our lake margin stratigraphy (PC2–4). Water mass characteristics measured in March 2016 (temperature, conductivity) indicate some hydrological isolation from the aquifer. This isolation would have allowed for recording of environmental changes, but also likely changed through time as flooding of the lake progressed. The shallow margin core PC4, however, recorded several rapid drops in K and Fe from ~ 1100 to 975, and 925–875 yr BP, which we interpret as periods of reduced inputs of terrigenous weathering during times of reduced rainfall and runoff. These periods are consistent with other regional paleoclimate records (lake and speleothem) of the Classic Maya droughts (1200–850 yr BP).
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