Concurrent avian malaria and avipox virus infection in translocated South Island saddlebacks (Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus)
Concurrent avian malaria and avipox virus infection in translocated South Island saddlebacks (Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus)
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DOI：
10.1080/00480169.2010.68868
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Howe, L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alley, M. R.;Hale, K. A.;Howe, L.
案例历史：爆发的死亡率在南岛鞍（Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus）已被转移到两个近海岛屿的马尔伯勒声音的新西兰进行了调查，在2002年和2007年的夏天。这两次爆发都与鞍背鸟数量的严重减少有关，大约200只鸟中鞍背鸟的数量减少了60%。临床和病理学发现：许多幸存的鸟状况不佳，腿部和头部有皮肤病变。尸检显示肝脏和肺部苍白，脾脏肿胀。组织学检查显示疟原虫属的寄生虫。在许多肝细胞和脾组织细胞的细胞质中。皮肤病变包括上皮增生，含有大量典型的禽痘病毒（APV）感染的Bollinger小体。两种不同的APV分离，使用PCR，从两个不同的鸟类表现出皮肤病变。每个分离株与来自进化枝A或进化枝B的APV成员具有100%的序列同源性。此外，PCR分析显示，感染鸟类中存在的长形疟原虫属于北岛马鞍鱼（Philesturnus carunculatus rufusater）种群中特有的一种菌株。血液寄生虫和APV被确定为可能的死亡原因在鸟类examined.Conclusions和临床意义：虽然疟原虫属。虽然已确定的APV被认为是新西兰鞍背鸡的地方病，但受影响的鸟类可能因同时感染APV或缺乏遗传多样性而免疫功能低下。引进的致倦库蚊和本地的致倦库蚊都可能是这两种疾病的传播媒介，建议提供不利于蚊子繁殖的供水。
CASE HISTORY: Outbreaks of mortality in South Island saddlebacks (Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus) that had been translocated to two offshore islands in the Marlborough Sounds of New Zealand were investigated during the summer of 2002 and 2007. Both outbreaks were associated with a severe decrease in numbers of saddlebacks of up to 60% of approximately 200 birds.CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Many of the surviving birds were in poor condition, and had skin lesions on the legs and head. Necropsy showed pale liver and lungs, and a swollen spleen. Histopathology revealed schizonts resembling Plasmodium spp. within the cytoplasm of many hepatocytes and splenic histiocytes. The skin lesions consisted of epithelial proliferations containing numerous Bollinger bodies typical of avipox virus (APV) infection. Two different APV were isolated, using PCR, from two different birds exhibiting skin lesions. Each isolate had 100% sequence homology with APV members from either Clade A or Clade B. In addition, PCR analysis revealed that the Plasmodium elongatum present in infected birds belonged to a strain that was endemic in the population of North Island saddlebacks (Philesturnus carunculatus rufusater).DIAGNOSIS: Concurrent infections with Plasmodium spp. haemoparasites and APV were identified as the likely cause of death in the birds examined.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although the Plasmodium spp. identified is thought to be endemic to saddlebacks in New Zealand, the affected birds were likely to be immunocompromised by concurrent APV infection or through lack of genetic diversity. Both the introduced mosquito Culex quinquefasicatus and the native mosquito Culex pervigilans are likely vectors for both these diseases, and the provision of water supplies less favourable to mosquito-breeding is recommended.