Land‐use change alters associations between personality and microhabitat selection
Land‐use change alters associations between personality and microhabitat selection
复制标题
土地利用变化改变了个性与微生境选择之间的关联
DOI：
10.1002/eap.2443
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Mortelliti, Alessio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brehm, Allison M.;Mortelliti, Alessio
生态学家通常在种群水平上评估生态模式，重点关注种群中所有个体的平均反应，但要预测种群如何对土地利用变化做出反应，我们必须了解栖息地的变化如何对种群中的个体产生不同的影响。例如，森林管理是一种广泛的土地利用类型，通过失去关键的栖息地特征影响野生动物，但由于个体之间栖息地选择的差异，种群中的个体对这种损失的反应可能会有所不同。具体来说，栖息地选择中的种内变异与动物个性有关（即，一致的同种之间的行为差异），但以前的研究还没有检查个性和栖息地选择之间的关系是否受到土地利用变化的影响。为了解决这一知识差距，我们测试了一个假设，即土地利用的变化改变了小型哺乳动物的个性和微栖息地选择之间的关联。具体来说，我们调查了两个主要问题：（1）在何种程度上是人格类型和微生境选择之间的同种相关？(2)土地利用变化是否会改变个体的微生境选择模式？为了回答这些问题，我们在美国缅因州进行了一项为期4年的大规模实地实验，将未管理的森林（对照）与管理的森林（两种造林处理）进行了对比。我们研究了鹿鼠（Peromyscus maniculatus）和南方红背田鼠（Myodes gapratus）的栖息地选择和人格特征之间的关系。我们发现，人格特质与微生境选择在多个空间尺度。此外，土地利用的变化改变了这些选择模式;导致个性相关选择的丧失或管理森林中的新选择模式。这些研究结果表明，促进结构复杂性在多个空间尺度上，如穿插与管理的立场，成熟的森林，可能会保持各种种内栖息地的选择模式和相关的生态结果。
Ecologists commonly assess ecological patterns at the population level, focusing on the average response of all individuals within a population, but to predict how populations will respond to land‐use change we must understand how changes to habitat differentially affect individuals within a population. For example, forest management is a widespread type of land‐use that impacts wildlife through the loss of key habitat features, but individuals within a population may vary in their responses to this loss due to differences in habitat selection among individuals. Specifically, intraspecific variation in habitat selection has been linked to animalpersonalities(i.e., consistent behavioral differences among conspecifics), but previous research has not examined whether the relationship between personality and habitat selection is influenced by land‐use change. To address this knowledge gap, we tested the hypothesis that land‐use change alters the association between personality and microhabitat selection in small mammals. Specifically, we investigated two main questions: (1) To what extent are personality type and microhabitat selection correlated among conspecifics? (2) Does land‐use change alter individual patterns of microhabitat selection? To answer these questions, we conducted a large‐scale field experiment over 4 years, contrasting unmanaged forest (control) with managed forest (two silvicultural treatments) in Maine, USA. We examined the relationships between habitat selection and personality traits in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and southern red‐backed voles (Myodes gapperi). We found that personality traits were correlated with microhabitat selection at multiple spatial scales. Furthermore, land‐use change altered these patterns of selection; resulting in either the loss of personality‐associated selection or in novel patterns of selection in managed forests. These findings suggest that promoting structural complexity at multiple spatial scales, such as by interspersing stands of mature forest with managed stands, may maintain a variety of intraspecific habitat selection patterns and the associated ecological outcomes.